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Pharm Final
Pharmacology lol
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Albuterol | A selective beta-2 drugs, controls chronic asthma, and COPD |
| Aldosterone | a Hormone released from adrenal glands cortex, that cause retention of Na and H2O from kidney |
| Azythromycin | Macrolide antibiotic, treats chlamydia, syphilis, and gonorrhea, pneumonia, bacteriostatic class |
| Tetracyline | bacteriostatic class, treat acne, std's, skin infection not for pregnant women |
| Erythromycin | used in penicillin allergic patient for minor ear and throat infections, also treat std's |
| Seretide | a steroid, and long acting beta agonist, used to treat asthma and COPD |
| Furosemide | organic acid diuretic, promote water removal, lessens workload on failing heart, stop sodium retention of water but it get rid of all your electrolytes |
| Ducosate Sodium or Ducosate Calcium | stool softener laxative, increase amount of water the stool absorbs, making easier to pass. |
| Mineral Oil | stool softener laxative, increase amount of water the stool absorbs, making easier to pass. |
| Biscodyl | stimulant laxative, cause liquid stool to be formed because of attraction to water |
| Regular Insulin | short acting , clear solution onset 30mins and duration action up to 12 hrs |
| Lispro Insulin | Fast acting insulin, onset about .25mins duration 2-5 hours |
| Milk of Magnesia | osmotic laxative, this one will get rid of all your electrolytes |
| Metroprolol | – beta blocker block the release of renin, in kidneys and works in the hear by decreasing cardiac output and Bp |
| Gentamycin | for treatment of serous gram-infections, produce ortotoxicity, decrease renal function because they aren't metaboliced |
| Drug | Chemical substance that produce a change in the body function |
| Contraindication | situation or conditions when a certain drug should not be administered |
| Therapeutic Index | Ratio of the LD50 and to the ED50 in animal studies |
| Indication | Intended or indicated uses for any drug |
| Dose | A measurement of the amount of drug that is administered |
| Maintenance Dose | Dose Administered to maintain drug blood levels in the therapeutic range, daily dosage of cardiac glycoside that maintains effective drug levels in the blood |
| Half-Life | Time required for the body to reduce the amount of drug in the plasma by one half |
| Bioavailability | percentage of the drug into the bloodstream from its site of administration |
| Drug absorption | entrance of a drug into the bloodstream from its side of administration |
| Biotransformation | chemical alteration of a substance within the body as by the action of enzymes |
| Tolerance | the ability of the body to alter its response to adapt to drug effects so that the effect are minimized over time |
| Dependence | The state of being dependent as for support |
| Addiction | a Chronic neurological disease in which genetics psychosocial and environmental factors induce changes in the individuals behavior to compulsive use drug despite the harm that may result |
| Compliance | how well a patient's behavior follows medical advice |
| Loading Dose | initial drug dose administered to Rapidly achieve therapeutic drug concentrations |
| Diuresis | condition that causes the urine to be excreted |
| Anuria | condition in which no urine is produced |
| Poluria | Excessive urine production, increase urination |
| Oliguria | condition in which very small amounts of urine is produced |
| Hypertension | abnormally high blood pressure |
| Orthostatic Hypotension | low blood pressure occurring in people when they stayed up |
| Penicillin | bacteriocidal Antibiotic |
| Cephalosporin | Bacteriocidal Antibiotic |
| Tetracycline | Bacteriostatic Antibiotic |
| Aminoglycoside | Bacteriocidal Antibiotic |
| Sulfonamindes | Bacteriostatic Antibiotic |
| Flouroquinolones | Bacteriocidal Antibiotic |
| Macrolides | Bacteriostatic Antibiotic |
| GERD Treatment drugs including over the counter | H2 Receptors antagonists imetidine (tagment) Ranitidine (Zantac) and Famotidine (Pepcid) Antacids Magnesium (MOM), Aluminum Hydroxide (Amphojel)Calcium Bicarbonate Gastric Stimulants like Metoclopramide, cisapride |
| GERD Treatment classes | Histamine H2Receptor Antagonist end in "IDINE" Proton Pump Inhibitor end in "AZOLE" the fist line of treatment for GERD GI Stimulants - "METOCLOPRAMIDE" |
| What are common side effects of all antibiotics | Minor GI disturbances and diarrhea, hypersensitivity or allergic reactions. High dose may cause bleeding problems CNS disturbances and possible seizures |
| What class of antibiotic can not be take with dairy or antacid | Tetracyclines |
| What class must have peaks and troughs drawn | Aminoglycosides Because they are broad spectrum antibiotics they inhibit bacterial protein synthesis They can also have an adverse effect on the ears and kidneys so the toxicity level should be monitored |
| What are the indications for use of a diuretic | Diuretics increase urine excretion of both water and electrolytes. They inhibit electrolyte reabsorption from the lumen of the nephron, increasing osmolarity and enhancing water excretion. Conditions would include edema and hypertension |
| What stimulates the release of Renin | Decreased blood flow to the kidney |
| Diuretics can cause a loss of electrolytes along with water. What electrolytes are lost? | Chlorine (Cl), Potassium (K), and Sodium (Na) |
| What is Mycosis | any disease caused by fungus |
| What antibiotic drugs are used to treat H.Pylori | Bismuth and any of these two antibiotics: Amoxicillin, Tetracycline, Clarithromycin, Metrouidozole |
| what increases stomach acid | Fatty foods, Alcohol, Stress, Caffeine |
| Beta Lactamase makes these antibiotics ineffective | Penicillin Sephalosporins |
| Fluroquinolones class drugs are | Ciprofloxacin |
| Penicillin Class drugs are | Penicillin Amoxicillin |
| Cephalosporins class drugs are | Rocephin |
| Aminoglycosides class drugs are | Gentamycin |
| Sulfonamides class drugs are | Trimethoprim |
| Sulfamethoxazole class drugs are | Sulfamethoxazole |
| Macrolide Antibiotics class drugs are | Erythromycin Azithromycin |
| Treatment for diarrhea | Adsorbents, anticholinergics, opiates, and narcotic derivatives |
| Contraindication For Anticholinergic Drugs is | Glaucoma because intra ocular pressure may increase |
| What is the treatment for Constipation | Laxatives Emolients, Osmotic, GI Stimulants, Stool Softeners, swelling Agents |
| What classes of drugs will be used for ulcer treatment | Penicillin- Amoxicillin Tetracycline- Tetracycline Macrolid Antibiotic- Clarithromycin |
| What class are these drugs Diphenoxylate, Loperamide, and Paragoric | They are antidiarrheal Drugs They are Opiates and Narcotic Derivatives they are Anticholinergic and induce muscle spasms |
| Contrast of Laxatives vs. Cathartics | Laxatives produce a mild gentle stimulus for defecation, Where as Cathartics produce a more intense action on the bowel to harden your bowel. |
| Comparison of Laxatives vs. Cathartics | Both stimulate defecation act directly on intestine to alter stool formation |
| How do Stimulant laxatives work? | They stimulate the stomach and contract of the upper GI |
| Define Active Vehicle | the solution used to dissolve an antiseptic has separate definite ability to destroy microorganisms |
| What is an Antiseptic | Prevent and control infection of living things |
| What is Disinfectant | Prevent or control infection of non living things |
| What is Medical Asepsis | Clean |
| What is Surgical Asepsis | Sterile |
| What does Cidal mean | Kills |
| What does Static mean | Inhibit or slow the growth |
| What is digoxin | Cardiac Glycoside help with CHF increases the force of contraction and reduces the heart rate |
| How do swelling agent laxatives work | Natural fiber helps expands |
| How do osmotic laxatives work | They water your shit down |
| Describe Myxedema | Hypothyroidism-Decrease in thyroid function ( Slow Metabolism) |
| What is the role of Vitamin D in bone health | its necessary for calcium to be absorbed |
| What is the role of Vitamin D in Calcitonin | a hormone secreted by the thyroid that has the effect of lowering blood calcium without taking it from the bones |
| What are the classes of hypoglycemic drugs | Insulin Oral Sulfonylureas Glucose Absorption inhibitors Antihypoglycemic drugs-Metformin |
| Lispro Insulin | Fast Action onset 15-20min Peak 30-90min Duration 3-5hrs |
| Regular Insulin | Onset 30min-1hr Peak 2-5hrs Duration 5-8 hours |
| 70/30 Insulin | Onset 30min Peak 2-4hours Duration 14-24hrs |
| NPH Insulin | Long Lasting Onset 1-2hrs Peak 4-12hrs Duration 18-24 hrs |
| Blue Gram Stain | (GM+) |
| Red Gram Stain | (GM-) |
| What does the Gram stain tell us | What antibiotic to use |
| which organs are affected by Aminoglycosides with its toxicity | Ears and the kidneys |
| Tetracyclines can not be taken by | Children & pregnant women |
| Tetracycline cant be taken with | dairy products or antacids |
| Ciprofloxacin | Flouroquinolones class Chronic Bacterial infection |
| What is mycosis | an infection caused by fungus and can be systemic |
| What is dematophytic infection | any kind of infection of the skin hair, nails and vagina Its a fungal infection |
| What is thrush | Yeast of the mouth treated by nystatin |
Created by:
sillylili
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