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AH- CH 40
Adult Health I
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| right ventricle pumps blood through the ___ | pulmonary circulation |
| left ventricle pumps blood through the ____ | systemic circulation |
| during ventricle diastole the ___ and ___ valves open and blood flows from the highes pressure atria to the relaxed ventrilces | mitral and tricuspid valves |
| mitral and tricuspid valves opening is the __ | S1 |
| during the systolic phase the ___ and ___ valves open and blood flows from the ventricles to the aorta and pulmonary artey | aortic and pulmonary valves |
| aortic and pulmonary valves opening is the ___ | S2 |
| deoxygenated blood goes to ___ | right side of heart |
| oxygenated blood from the lungs goes to the __ | left side of the heart |
| CAD and cardiomyopathy (enlarged heart)result in ____ pumping and ____ in stroke volume of blood ejected from ventricles | <, < |
| which valves open during ventricular diastole? | mitral and tricuspid (S1) |
| which valves open during systolic phase? | semilunar valves: aortic and pulmonic (S2) |
| what is the normal cardiac output? | 4 to 6 L/min |
| stoke volume x heart rate = | cardiac output |
| gases move in and out of the lungs through ____ | pressure changes |
| intrapleural pressure is __ | negative |
| relaxation of the diaphragm and contraction of the internal intercostal muscles ___ | allow air to escape from the lungs |
| the process of moving gases into and out of the lungs | ventilation |
| if the effort required to expand and contract the lungs | Work Of Breathing WOB |
| is an active process stimulates by chemical receptors in the aorta | inspiration |
| is a passive process that depends on the elastic recoil properties of the lungs requiring little or no muscle work | expiration |
| is a chemical produced in the lungs to maintain the surface tension of the alveoli and keep them from collapsing | surfactant |
| in COPD pt the lungs do not __ | recoil properly |
| is the ability of the lungs to distend in response to increased intraalveolar pressure | compliance |
| is the pressure difference between the mouth and the alveoli in relation to the rate of flow of inspired gas | airway resistance |
| what are the 3 things the pulmonary circulation does? | gas exchange, reservior for blood, and is a filter |
| the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentraion to an area of lower concentraion | diffusion |
| what does O2 transport depend on? | amount of O2 entering lungs, blood flow, rate of diffusion, O2 carrying capacity |
| the carrier of O2 and CO2 | hemoglobin |
| is fluid loss that reduces circulating blood volume | hypovolemia |
| wound healing,pregnancy, and exercies increase ___ | metobolic rate |
| happens with high altitudes and drug overdoses | decreased inspired O2 concentrations |
| what are 7 things that affect chest wall movement? | pregnany, obesity, musculoskeletal abn, trauma, neuromuscluar disease, CNS alterations, influences of chronic disease |
| trauma at spinal cord __- __ usually results in paralysis of the phrenic nerve | C3-C5 |
| s/s of left sided heart failure are: | fatigue, breathlessness, dizziness, confusion, crackles on ausculation, hypoxia, SOB, cough, nocturnal dyspnea |
| s/s of right sides heart failure are: | pt gain weight, distended neck veins, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly, dependent peripheral edema |
| is a transient imbalance between myocardial O2 supply and demand | angina |
| s/s of angina pectoris | CP that is aching, sharp, tingling, or burning---pressure---radiates to arms, jaw, neck, and back |
| results from sudden < in coronary blood flow or an increase in myocardial O2 demand withoug adequate coronary perfusion | MI myocardial infarction |
| CP in men during a MI is: | crushing, squeezing, or stabbing felt in back, left arm, neck, jaws, teeth, epigastric area |
| CP in women during a MI is: | fatigue, weakness, indigestion, vasospasm, SOB, back, jaw pain |
| normal PaCO2 is | 35-45mmHg |
| normal PaO2 is | 95-100mmHg |
| is a state of ventilation in excess of that required to eliminate the CO2 produced by cellular metabolism | hyperventilation |
| occurs when alveolar ventilation is inadequate to meet the body;s O2 demand or to eliminate sufficient CO2 | hypoventilation |
| atelectasis is an example of ___ | hypoventilation |
| is an inadequate tissue oxygentation at the cellular level | hypoxia |
| blue discoloration of the skin and mucus membranes caused by the presence of desaturated hemoglobin in capillaries is a late sign of hypoixa | cyanosis |
| ____ are at risk for upper resp tract infections | infants and toddlers |
| ____ are at risk for exposure to cigarette smoking and 2nd hand smoke | school aged children and adolescents |
| ____ are exposed to unhealty diets, lack of exercise, stress, over the counter drugs, illegal substances, and smoking | young and middle adults |
| irritability in older adults may be a sign of___ | resp distress |
| cardioprotective nutrition includes diets: | rich in fiber, whole grains, fresh friuts, veggies, nuts, antioxidants, lean meats, fish, chicken, and omega 3 fatty acids |
| citrus juice and potatos are cardiovascular protective in ___ but not ___ | women but not men |
| diets high in ___ prevent HTN | K+ |
| risk of lung cancer is ___x greater for a smoker | 10 |
| ___ - ____ ml of fluid/day for resp | 1500-2000 |
| multiple pillows when lying down to help breath | orthopnea |
| intermitted suctioning for 10-15 seconds and allow one full min between suctions | nasotracheal suctioning |
| best breathing position __ | 45 degree semi-fowler's position |
| is a collection of air in the pleural space | pneumothorax |
| is an accumulation of blood and fluid in the pleural cavity betwee the parietal and visceral pleurae, usually as a result of trauma | hemothorax |
| if you need over 6L of O2 use __ | face mask |
| the pt takes a slow deep breath ans holds it for 2 sec while contracting expiratory muscles | cascade cough |
| stimulates a natural cough reflex and is generally only for clearing central airways | huff cough |
| technique for pt without abd muscle control...while the pt breaths out with max effort the pt pushes inward and upward on the abd muscles toward the diaphragm causing a cough | quad cough |
| involves deep inspiration and prolonged expiration through pursed lips to prevent alveolar collapse | purse lip breathing |
| is more difficult and requires the pt to relax intercoastal and accessory resp muscles while taking deep inspirations | diaphragmatic breathing |
Created by:
TayBay15
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