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AH- CH 34 iggy
Adult Health I
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| an inflammation of the nasal mucosa, is the most common problem of nose and sinuses | rhinitis |
| hay fever, allergies | rhinitis |
| is triggered by hypersensitivity reactions to airborne allergens, especially plant pollen or molds | allergic rhinitis |
| occurs either intermittently with no seasonal pattern or continuously whenever the person is exposed to alergens such as dust, animal dander, wool, and foods | chronic rhinitis |
| rebound nasal congestion from overuse of nose drops or sprays | rhinitis medicamentosa |
| coryza | common cold |
| common cold | acute viral rhinitis |
| a release of natural chemicals such as histamine, from WBC in the nasal mucosa | allergen |
| runny nose | rhinorrhea |
| block the chemicals released by WBC from binding to receptors sites on blood vessels and nasal tissues, preventing local edema and itching | antihistamines |
| constricting blood vessels thus decreasing edema | decongestants |
| used to decrease the rebound nasal congestion during teh time immediatley after discounting the drug | steroid nasal sprays |
| what are alternatives therapies for rhinitis? | echinacea, vit C, zinc (cold-eeze, zicam) |
| an uncomplicated cold subsides within ____ days | 7-10 |
| is an inflammation of the mucous membranes of one or more sinuses | sinusitis |
| swelling can obstruct the flow of secretions from the sinuses, which may cause | infection |
| often follows rhinitis | sinusitis |
| the mucus membrane is permanently thickened from repeated inflammation | chronic sinusitis |
| sinusitis most often develops in the ___ | maxillary and frontal sinuses |
| complications of sinusitis are ___, ___, and ____ | cellulitis, abscess, and meningitis |
| nasal swelling, congestion, headaches, facial pressure, pain, tenderness to touch, lowgrade fever, cough, and purulent or bloody drainage are s/s of __ | sinusitis |
| maxillary antral puncture and lavage (antral irrigation) may be an out pt procedure done for __ | sinusitis |
| incision is made under the upper lip into the maxillary sinus and the infected mucosa is then removed | caldwell-Luc procedure |
| "sore throat" | pharyngitis |
| common inflammation of mucous membranes of the pharynx | pharyngitis |
| accounts for more than 50 million office visits a year in the US | pharyngitis |
| most common cause of pharyngitis | group A betahemolytic streptococcus |
| s/s are sore throat, dryness, throat pain, pain on swallowing, difficulty swallowing, and fever | pharyngitis |
| odynophagia | painful swallowing |
| dysphagia | difficulty swallowing |
| hyperemia | redness |
| "hot potato" voice comes from ___ | tonsillar abscess occuring with pharyngitis |
| fever, dull tympanic membrane, enlarged red tonsils, yellow exudate, purulent nasal drainage, headache, WBC elevated, abrupt onset, and local lymph node enlargement are s/s of ___ pharyngitis | bacterial |
| no fever, dull tympanic membrane, no exudate, sore throat, rhinitis, hoarseness, WBC <10,000, headache are s/s of ____ pharyngitis | viral |
| what are some complications of bacterial (group A streptcoccoal) pharyngitis? | rheumatic fever,acute glomerulonephritis, peritonsillar abscess, retropharyngeal abscess, otitis media, sinusitis, mastioditis, bronchitis, pneumonia, scarlet fever |
| what is a rare complication of pharyngitis that can be a medical emergency? | epiglottitis |
| is an inflammation and infection of the tonsils and lymphatic tissues located on each side of the throat | tonsillitis |
| crypts | small valleys across the surface of the tonsils |
| filter organisms and protect the respiratory tract from infection | tonsils |
| tonsillitis is a ____ airborne infection | contagious |
| causative agent of sinusitis | streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, diplococcus, or bacteroides |
| bacterial causative agent of pharyngitis | group A streptococcus, staphylococcus, haemophilus influenzae, pneumonococcus, corynebacterium diphtheriae, neisseria gonorrhoeae |
| viral causative agents of pharyngitis | adenovirus, rhinovirus, epstein-barr virus, cytomegalovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, herpesvirus, coxsackievirus A, echovirus |
| causative agents of tonsilitis | streptococcus (main one), staph aureus, h. influenza, and pneumoncoccus |
| s/s of acute tonsilitis are: | sudden onset of sore throat, fever, muscle aches, chills, dysphagia, odynophagia, pain in ears, HA, anorexia, malaise, "hot potato" voice, red pus tonsils, inflammed uvula |
| is an inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the larynx and may or may not include edema of the vocal cords | laryngitis |
| causative agents of laryngitis | exposure to irritating inhalants, overuse of voice, inhalation of volatile gases, or intubation, GERD |
| 3 surgical methods to help sinusitis | antral irrigation, caldwell-luc procedure, and endoscopic sinus surgery |
| tonsillitis is less common in __ | adults |
| aphonia | temporary voice loss |
| s/s of laryngitis are: | hoarseness, dry cough, difficulty swallowing |
| nurse management for laryngitis is __ | symptom relief and prevention (voice rest, steam inhalations, > fluid intake, throat lozenges) |
| laryngitis can be a sign of related disease processes __ and ___ | throat or lung cancer |
| is a highly contagious acute viral respiratory infection that can occur in adults of all ages | influenza |
| s/s of influenza are: | severe HA, muscle aches, fever, chills, fatigue, weakness, and anorexia |
| who are recommended to get the flu vaccine? | ppl over 50, ppl with chronic illnesses, immunosuppressed, health care personale, those living in institutions |
| amantadine and rimantadine have been effective tx for __ | influenza A |
| ribavirin has been an effective tx for ___ | influenza B |
| is an excess of fluid in the lungs resulting from an inflammatory process | pneumonia |
| in pneumonia, inflammation occurs in the ____, the ____, and often the ___ | interstitial spaces, alveoli, and bronchioles |
| if the infection of pneumonia goes into the pleural cavity it is called __ | empyema |
| atelectasis | alveolar collapse |
| hypoxemia | insufficient O2 in the blood |
| solidification of lungs, lack of air space | consolidation |
| pneumonia can be caused by: | bacteria, viruses, myoplasmas, fungi, rickettsiae, protozoa, and helminths, toxic gases, chemicals, smoke, and aspiration of water, food, fluids, and vomitus |
| 5th leading cause of death | pnemonia |
| highest incidence of ppl with pnemonia are: | older adults, immunosuppressed, hopitalized ppl, nursing home ppl, mechanically ventilated ppl |
| what kind of pnemonia is most common? | community-acquired is more common |
| common problems associated with pnemonia | hypoxemia, ventilatory failure, atelectasis, pleural effusion, and pleurisy |
| what causative agent is the hightest cause of death of nosocomial pnemonia? | pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| s/s of pnemoina are: | flushed cheeks, bright eyes, and anxious expression, CP, myalgia, HA, chills, fever, cough, tachycardia, dyspnea, tachypnea, and sputum |
| what is heard when ascultating the lungs of a pt with pnemonia? | crackles, wheezing, sounds heard over areas of density or consolidation, tactile fremitus is > over areas of pneumonia |
| a rash may occur with pneumonia if ___ is the causative agent | mycoplasma infection, cytomegalovirus infection, or rocky mountain spotted fever |
Created by:
TayBay15
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