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Herlihy 3
Cells
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Cytology | study of cells |
Cell membrane | membrane that surround cell - holds cell together allows substances to cross or not - semipermeable |
Lipid soluble substances | substances that move across cell membrane by dissolving in the lipid portion of the cell membrane - oxygen and carbon dioxide |
Water soluble substances | cross cell membrane through pores |
Drugs are classified as ______ soluble or _______ soluble. Drug ______ determines the drugs __________ through the body | Lipid-soluble; water-soluble; solubility; distribution |
Nucleus of cell | control center |
Mitochondria | ATP production; power plant of cell |
Endoplasmic reticulum - rough | synthesizes protein |
Golgi Apparatus | finishes and packages protein for export |
4 passive transport mechanisms that move substances across the cell membrane | diffusion; facilitated diffusion; osmosis; filtration |
Diffusion | movement of substance from higher concentration to lower - tablet of red dye in water; skunk; |
Transport mechanism that moves oxygen into blood and carbon dioxide out | diffusion - oxygen diffuses from alveolus in lung into blood; carbon dioxide from blood to lung |
Facilitated diffusion | substance is helped across the membrane by a molecule within the membrane; transport of glucose |
Osmosis | special case of diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane which allows the passage of some substances; |
During osmosis water will move from area where concentration is higher (A) to lower (B) as a result | volume in A increases; concentrations in both changes |
Edema | process of accumulation of water in tissue spaces via osmosis - swelling |
Tonicity | ability of a solution to affect the volume and pressure within a cell |
Tonicity - Isotonic solution | solution is same concentration as the cell; RBC in isotonic solution neither gains nor loses water; used for IV |
Tonicity - Hypotonic Solution | water with no solute; moves water into cell by osmosis: from more water to less; causes RBC to burst = hemolysis |
Tonicity - Hypertonic Solutions | RBC in salt water shrinks or crenates |
Filtration | passive transport with pressure; syringe; movement across capillaries with blood pressure |
Active Transport Pumps | requires energy (ATM) |
Endocytosis | active transport mechanism that involves intake of food or liquid. particle too large to pass through membrane via diffusion; particle is surrounded by cell and engulfed |
Phagocytosis | endocytosis that involves a solid particle - white blood cells phagocytose bacteria |
Pinocytosis | ell ingests a water droplet |
Exocytosis | moves substances out of cell - pancreas makes protein and expels it |
CELL CYCLE | |
Interphase - 3 phases | Gap phase G1-cell carries on normal activities; Phase S-cell duplicates chromosomes; Second Gap phase G2-synthesizes enzyme and other proteins needed for mitotic phase-M phase |
Mitosis | M phase - cell divides into 2 identical cells |
Stages of Mitosis | Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (Play Me A Tune) |
Cancer drugs are often described by the_____ they attack | cell cycle stage |
Characteristics of cancer cells are _____ and _____ | they can't stop dividing and they are poorly differentiated |
Stem Cells | relatively undifferentiated cells whose function is to produce more unspecialized cells; when divides one becomes specialized and one prepares to make more stem cells |
Apoptosis | cell death or suicide; body rids old, unnecessary or unhealthy cells; produces a million cells per second |
CELL PARTS | |
PASSIVE TRANSPORT MECHANISMS | |
ACTIVE TRANSPORT MECHANISMS | |
CELL CYCLE | |