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Chapter 6
Question | Answer |
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Sediment | are small rock pieces of rock that are moved and deposited by water, wind, glaciers, and gravity. |
lithification | The physical and chemical processes that transform sediments into sedimentary rocks. |
cementation | acts like the glue to keeps the sediments together. |
bedding | is a horizontal layering. |
graded bedding | particle sizes that are heavier or larger at the bottom. |
cross-bedding | is formed on a inclined area. |
Clastic sedimentary rock | most common type of sedimentary rock, formed from the abundant deposits of loose sediments that accumulate on Earth's surface; classified according to the size of their particles. |
Clastic | rock and mineral fragments produced by weathering and erosion and classified according to particle size and shape. |
Porosity | percentage of open spaces between grains in a material. |
Evaporite | The layers of chemical sedimentary rocks that form when concentrations of dissolved minerals in a body of water reach saturation due to the evaporation of water; crystal grains precipitate out of solution and settle to the bottom. |
Foliated | Metamorphic rock, such as schist or gneiss, whose minerals are squeezed under high pressure and arranged in wavy layers and bands. |
nonfoliated | metamorphic rocks like quartzite and marble, composed mainly of minerals that form with blocky crystal shapes. |
Regional metamorphism | process that affects large areas of Earth's crust, producing belts classified as low, medium, or high grade, depending on pressure on the rocks, temperature, and depth below the surface. |
Contact metamorphism | local effect that occurs when molten rock meets solid rock. |
Hydrothermal metamorphism | local effect that occurs when molten rock meets solid rock.occurs when very hot water reacts with rock, altering its mineralogy and chemistry. |
rock cycle | Continuous, dynamic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock. |