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Compatative anatomy
Integument
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Functions of integument | Protection from abrasion,mechanical injury,infection,uv radiation;regulate h20;heat transfer(blood transfusion to heat/cool body);color;respiratory gas exchange;sense reception |
| epidermis(basic) | new,surface,cellualr,ectoderm,evolutionary variety |
| dermis(basic) | older,deep,fibers and some cells,mesoderm(epimere),uniform(some bone variety) |
| evolutionary themes | development of dermal bone(loos of bone later),degree of specialization of epidermis increases(keratinized stratum coreneus), degree of development of skin glands(increases)*from past to present |
| dermal shell of bony plates | dentin layer on outside(hard material), spongy bone in middle(lattice-like),lamellar(latin-sheet) bone(dense layers) |
| dermis of other Agnatha | secondary loss of dermal bone=no scales |
| placoderm integument | smaller,thicker plates=armor.denticles(enamel spines)(latin=little tooth).dentin.spongy.lamellar |
| cartilaginous fish | dermal bone absent(dentin,spongy,lamellar),tiny placoid scale(denticle only),tough,sand papery skin.**this is why shark skulls are chondrocranium |
| bony fish | denticle absent.retain deeper layers,especially lamellar,cycloid scale(dermal),ctenoid scale(dermal),ganoid scale(dermal and thick coat of enamel) |
| dermal elements of early bony fish | scales,dermatocranium,pectoral girdle(clavicle,cleithrum,supracleithrum,past temporal(ventral to dorsal)),operculum(gill cover) |
| dermal elements of other vertebrates | clavicle,osteoderms in crocodiles(latin-bone skin),carapace and plastron in turtles(scute-epidermal),armadillo shell,chromatophores in dermis of fish,amphibians and reptiles |
| epidermal seal | cuticle,mucoid coat,keratinized stratum corneum |
| cutile | continuous, non living material secreted by epidermis(found in larvae)(acellular-non living) |
| mucoid coat | glycoprotein;only in aquatic vert |
| keratinized stratum corneum | outer most layer of epidermis, some amphibians(started it),lots in reptiles,birds,mammals(amniotes)-good seal in dry air,keratin protein in surface cell layers,mainly in amniotes=terrestrial |
| epidermal scales and modifies scales found in who? | reptiles(first appreared),birds with unmodified sclaes on legs and feet and modified scales are feather(homology),mammals with unmodified scales on tail(beaver,rat)(rodents) and hair is new structure not just modified scales |
| epidermal hair | invagination into the skin(sinks down into the skin) |
| epidermal claws,nails,hooves | reptiles developed first, modified later |
| are horn sheath and antler velvets epidermal or dermal? | epidermal |
| epidermal examples | rattle snakes(older the snake longer the rattle),bird beaks,whale baleen,ischial callosities, tori,skin glands(sink down into dermis(mucous glands,poison pads,sebaceous glands,sweat glands,scent glands,mammary glands),teeth are a combination |
Created by:
ejohnson17
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