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CCMS SS Chapter 2
Foundation Units of Geography, Economics, and Government
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| projection | a way of showing the Earth on a flat sheet of paper |
| hemisphere | a "half sphere," used to refer to one-half of the globe |
| latitude | imaginary lines that circle the Earth parallel to the Equator |
| longitude | imaginary lines that circle the Earth from pole to pole |
| physical map | a map that shows land and water features |
| political map | a map that shows the names and borders of countries |
| special-purpose map | a map that shows themes or patterns such as climate, natural resources, or population |
| scale | a measuring line that shows the distances on a map |
| cardinal directions | north, south, east, and west |
| choropleth | a special-purpose map that uses colors to show population density |
| migration | the movement of people from one place to settle in another place |
| cultur | the set of beliefs, behaviors, and traits shared by a group of people |
| capital | money and goods used to help people make or do things |
| entrepreneurship | the act of running a business and taking on the risks of that business |
| supply | the amount of a good or service that a producer wants to sell |
| demand | the amount of a good or service that a consumer wants to buy |
| scarcity | lack of a resource |
| opportunity cost | what a person gives up when they choose to make or buy a product |
| traditional economy | an economic system in which custom decides what people do, make, buy, and sell |
| command economy | an economic system in which a central government decides what goods will be made |
| recession | a period of slow economic growth or decline |
| inflation | a rise in prices and a drop in the value of money |
| exports | goods sent from one country to another in trade |
| imports | goods brought into one country from another in trade |
| barter | to trade by exchanging one good or service for another |
| globalization | the growth in free trade between countries |
| representative government | government in which citizens elect officials who govern |
| federal system | government which divides power between a central government and state governments |
| separation of powers | the division of power between the branches of government |
| checks and balances | system in which each branch of government limits the power of another branch |
| legislative branch | the part of government that passes laws |
| executive branch | the part of government that enforces laws |
| judicial branch | the part of government that interprets laws |
| Anarchy | Nobody is in controls. |
| Monarchy | A King or Queen rules the country |
| Dictatorship | One leader has absolute control over citizen’s lives. (usually a military leader) |
| Oligarchy | Greek word that means “Rule by a Few” |
| Democracy | Citizens hold the political power. POWER TO THE PEOPLE!. |
Created by:
ccmsvaleriehawthorne
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