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Week2Evolution

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TermDefinition
_________ and _____ names form the scientific name of an organism genus and species
In the scientific name of an organism, genus name is ____________ and species name is ________. Both are either ____________ or __________ capitalized, lower case, underlined or in italics
Evolution Change over time
Natural Selection the process by which organisms with favorable variations reproduce at higher rates
Who was Darwin? Wealthy British Physician, ideas about theory of evolution, first to theorize natural selection
Darwin believed in _________ of a species by descent and natural selection modification
Analogous structures are similar in ________ and ________ appearance and function
What Phylum are we? Chordata
Our subphylum? Vertebrata
Our class? Mammalia
Our order? Primates
Does evolution happen on demand? no
Is natural selection a perfecting mechanism? no
2 categories of what creatures become when environments change specialist and generalist
frequency change of a particular trait as you move geographically from one point to another clinal distribution
descent with modification from a single common ancestor or ancestral population evolution
mixing of genetic material that results from the movement of individuals and groups from place to place. gene flow
changes in the frequencies of specific traits caused by random factors. genetic drift
a group of similar species genus
pigment found in the skin, hair, and eyes of human beings, as well as many other species, that is responsible for variations in color melanin
random change in genetic material; the ultimate source of all biological variation mutation
mechanism of evolutionary change: changes in traits of living organisms that occur over time as a result of differences in reproductive success among individuals natural selection
childhood disease characterized by the softening and bending of leg and pelvis bones; related to insufficiency of vitamin D and/or calcium rickets
theory that the evolution of certain traits can be explained by competition for opportunities to mate sexual selection
group of organisms whose members are similar to one another and are able to reproduce within their group but not with members of other groups species
evolution is a __ of populations, not individual organisms characteristic
For a change to be evolutionary in a biological sense, it must affect the __ we pass on to next generations genes
Evolution is the primary way we understand the __ history of humanity, and all life biological
biological anthropology fits into cultural anthropology because human behavior rests on a biological base
language, two-legged stance, & need to reproduce are all __ __ that are basic to human culture evolved traits
understanding human's evolutionary history is important to cultural anthropologists because it informs us about the things that all humans _______ have in common
Coevolution Cases where 2 or more species reciprocally affect each other's evolution such as if a plant's morphology changes and animal that eats it is affected because certain traits are then favored.
Mutations are the __ __ of all variation ultimate source
Speciation Process by which a new species forms
What's the difference between micro and macroevolution? Microevolution is at the species level and macroevolution above the species level.
Darwin gave __ & __ prominent roles in his theory competition; struggle
"Fitness" as used by biologists Refers to how good a particular genotype is at leaving offspring in the next generation. If more brown beetles are in the next generation than green one then brown beetles have higher fitness
Genotype The set of genes an organism has. Can refer to entire genome or just to particular alleles. Contrast with phenotype.
Phenotype observable appearance as opposed to genotype
Allele Version of a gene and expressed in pairs such as Yy where Y is yellow allele and dominant color and y is green allele and recessive color.
Darwin understood evolution by natural selection as a slow, steady, __ process continuous
Recessive gene version In this gene version a trait is expressed only if the gene is paired with an identical version. Thus if Y is yellow and dominant and y is green and recessive then a pea is green only if both alleles for color are green or yy.
Dominant gene version In this gene version a trait is expressed if the gene is paired with an identical version or non-identical one. Thus if Y is yellow and dominant and y is green and recessive then a pea is yellow if the allele pair for color is YY or Yy.
Lamarck Law of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
It is biologically __ to say that humans evolved from apes/monkeys & leads to ___ of evolution inaccurate; misunderstanding
No creature can be more __ than another evolved
Biological scientists agree on basic principles of evolution/natural selection, but argue about __ of evolution & precise __ under which it occurs speed; conditions
Mendel established our understanding of heredity
Theory in science Though it cannot be proved true, a theory is supported by decades of scientific research.
Name the four mechanisms of evolution. Mutation, gene flow (migration), genetic drift, and natural selection.
Acclimatization Refers to human adaptations to environmental stresses that are reversible such as getting a tan in the summer.
Punctuated Equilibrium An alternative model of evolution that proposes long periods of little change with short periods of very rapid, major change.
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid=set of instructions or blueprint for how an organism is built. The DNA molecule carries genetic information from generation to generation. Genes are segments of DNA.
Created by: suvetter
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