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Sociology in Sports

Question	Answer
The sociology of sport is concerned with the	deeper meanings and stories associated with sports in society.
Sociology is	the study of the social worlds that people create, maintain, and change through their relationships with each other.
Sociologists are concerned with the actions and interactions of people in	particular social contexts.
Social world is an	identifiable sphere of everyday actions and relationships.
Sociology provides useful	concepts theories and research methods.
Culture	the shared ways of life and shared understandings that people develop as they live together.
Social interaction	people taking each other into account and, in the process, influencing each other's feelings, thoughts, and actions.
Social structure	the established patterns of relationships and social arrangements that take shape as people live, work, and play with each other.
Sports	well established, officially governed competitive physical activities in which participants are motivated by internal and external rewards.
Sports are a blend of	play and spectacle.
Play is an	expressive activity done for its own sake ( and it results in internal rewards).
A dramatic spectacle is	a performance meant to entertain an audience (for the sake of obtaining external rewards).
Sports contain elements of	play and dramatic spectacle, and athletes are motivated by internal and external rewards.
Current research in the sociology of sport focuses on	physical culture which includes all forms of movement and physical activities that people in social worlds create, maintain, and regularly include in their collective lives.
Physical culture includes	all forms of movement and physical activities that people in social worlds create, maintain, and regularly include in their collective lives.
Sports as parts of society are	social constructions.
Social constructions that are	given form and meaning by people as they interact with each other under the social, political, and economic conditions that exist in their society.
Social constructions are	parts of the social world that are created by people as they interact with one another under particular social, political, and economic conditions.
Sports can take different forms and be given different meanings from	one situation, culture, or point in time to the next.
Sports are not static activities, they are	changed as people and circumstances change.
Viewing sports as social constructions may cause some people to be defensive because	they resist the idea that we can or ever should change sports.
Sports are	contested activities.
Sports are contested activities which means that there are struggles over the	meaning, purpose, and organization of sports. The people allowed to play sports and the conditions they play under, the people and organizations that sponsor and provide the resources needed to play sports.
Sociology of sport is a	sub discipline of sociology that studies sports as part of social and cultural life, that is, as social phenomena.
Sociology of sport focuses primarily on	organized competitive sports.
Sociology of sports asks critical questions about	sports in society.
The great sport myth is that sport is essentially pure and good and its purity and goodness are transferred to anyone who plays, consumes, or sponsors sports therefore,	there is no need to study and evaluate sports for the purpose of transforming or making them better because they are already what they should be.
Sociologists study	actions and relationships in terms of the social contexts in which people live there lives.
Psychologists study	behavior in terms of attributes and processes that exist inside individuals.
Sociological research often	provides evidence that there is a need to change the organization of sports and the organization of society.
Those who benefit from the status quo are usually	threatened by such findings and may try to discredit or ignore them.
Sports are a	social phenomena.
Sports are related to the social and cultural contexts	in which we live.
Sports provide stories and images used to	explain and evaluate these contexts.
Sports provide a window into	culture and society.
Sports are socially significant activities for	many people.
Sports reaffirm important ideas and beliefs including	ideologies.
Sports are integrated into	major spheres of social life.
Ideologies are	interrelated ideas and beliefs that people in a particular culture use to give meaning to and make sense of what occurs in their social worlds.
As people use and promote their ideologies, sports become relevant because	they can be organized to reinforce or challenge important ideas and beliefs.
Ideology	a shared interpretive framework that people use to make sense of and evaluate themselves, others, and events in their social worlds.
Dominant ideology	represents the perspectives and ideas favored by people who have power and influence in society. Serves the interests of people with power and influence.
Gender ideology	interrelated ideas and beliefs that are widely used to define masculinity and femininity, identify people as male or female, evaluate forms of sexual expression, and determine the appropriate roles of men and women in society.
Gender ideology is a basis for	determining what is natural and moral related to gender.
Dominant gender ideology	prevailing notions of common sense about maleness and femaleness in a group or society.
Racial ideology	interrelated ideas and beliefs that are widely used to classify human beings into categories assumed to be biological and related to attributes such as intelligence, temperament, and physical abilities.
Racial ideologies vary around the world, but they are	powerful when people use them to classify humans into racial categories.
Dominant racial ideology	prevailing ideas about the meanings of skin color and the characteristics of people classified in various racial categories.
Al Campanis	player for the Brooklyn Dodgers and later general managers of Los Angeles Dodgers, known for his controversial comments about the limitations of African-American managers.
Frank Robinson	former major league player for Cincinnati Reds and Baltimeore Orioles, was the first African American manager in American League and National league, currently executive vice president of baseball development for major league baseball.
Dan Rooney	owner of the pittsburgh steelers and former head of NFL's diversity committee who originated the "Rooney rule" which requires NFL teams with openings for head coach interview at least one minority candidate.
Mike Tomlin	current head coach of pittsburgh steelers, hired as a direct result of the Rooney rule.
social class ideology	interrelated ideas and beliefs that are widely shared and used by people to evaluate their material status, explain why economic success, failures, and inequities exist, and what should be done about economic differences in a group or society.
Class ideology in the US is organized around	the idea of the american dream of unrestricted economic opportunities, and the belief that american society is a meritocracy
Competitive sports provide a vocabulary and stories that	reaffirm dominant social class ideology in the U.S.
Ableist ideology	interrelated ideas and beliefs that are widely used to identify people as physically or intellectually disabled, to justify treating them as inferior, and to organize social worlds and physical spaces without taking them into account.
Ableist ideology is grounded in	ableism, that is attitudes, actions, and policies based on the belief that people classified as physically or intellectually disabled are incapable of full participation in mainstream activities and inferior to people with normal abilities.
People are usually unaware of their own ideologies because they	simply take them for granted, but people spot the ideologies of others quickly.
Ideologies emerge in social worlds as	people struggle over the meaning and organization of social life.
Ideologies resist	change, they are complex and sometimes inconsistent.
Ideologies change as	power relationships change in society.
Sports are integrated into major spheres of social life such as	family, education, religion, economy, politics, and media.
Sociologists view the body in	social and cultural terms.
The body and body parts have been identified and defined in	different ways through history and from one culture to another.
Changes in the ways that bodies have ben socially defined or	"constructed" influence how people think about sex, sex differences, sexuality, ideals of beauty, self image, body image, fashion, hygiene, health, nutrition, eating, fitness, racial classification systems, disease, drugs, and drug testing, violence etc.
Sports play an influential role in how	people define the body and determine the ideal body, especially or men.
Some scholars in the field see themselves as sport sociologists concerned with sport science issues their goal is to	understand sports and use sociological knowledge to improve sport experiences.
Other scholars see themselves as sociologists concerned with social and cultural issues their goal is to	learn about and transform social life in general.
The sociology of sport will grow if	scholars in the field conduct and publish research that people find useful as they seek to understand social life, and participate as citizens in their communities and societies.
Those who study sports in society want to understand four things	the cultural and social contexts in which sports exist. The connections between those contexts and sports. The social worlds that people create as they participate in sports. The experiences of individuals and groups associated with those social worlds.
Social Research	investigations in which we seek answers to questions about social worlds by systematically gathering and analyzing data.
Social Theories	logically interrelated explanations of the actions and relationships of human beings and the organization and dynamics of social worlds.
Personal theories are	summaries of our ideas and explanations of social life and the contexts in which it occurs.
Sociological theories are designed to answer questions that go beyond experiences and situations encountered by one person they are based on	systematic data collection and analysis, developed in connection with the research and theories of others in sociology, published and critically examined, tested, and validated or discredited by other scholars.
Theories are	based on questions about why the world is the way iti is and on ideas about how it might be different.
Theories involve a combination of	description, reflection, and analysis.
Theories have practical applications because	they help us make choices and anticipate consequences.
Theories guide us as we study and participate in	social worlds.
Michael Messner's research is based on	his questions about the relationships among sports, sports participation, and gender in society.
The social worlds created around sports are complex. It helps to have	systematic research methods and logical theories to study and understand them.
Messner used three theories to help guide his research	cultural, interactionist, and structural.
Cultural theories	explain what we know about the ways that people think and express their values, ideas, and beliefs as they live together and create social worlds.
Narratives	the way that people represent and talk about objects, people and experiences that are used in connection with sports.
Narratives take the form of	stories that people tell about themselves and their social worlds.
Interactionist theories	explain what we know about the origins, dynamics, and consequences of social interaction among people in particular social worlds.
Sites	identifiable social contexts where people learn what it means to be a man or woman, how to perform masculinity or femininity, as they interact with others, and the ways that ideas and beliefs about gender are integrated into organization of social worlds
Structural theories	explain what we know about forms of social organization that influence actions and relationships.
Structural theories help us study	the ways that relationships are organize and how they influence people's access to power, authority, material resources, economic opportunities, and other resources.
Symbols	concrete representations of the values, beliefs, and moral principles around which people organize their lives.
Gender	a social element woven into the fabric of social worlds as meaning, performance, and organization.
Quantitative approach	collecting information about people and social worlds, converting the information into numbers, and analyzing the numbers by using statistical procedures and tests.
Qualitative approach	collecting information about people and social worlds, identifying patterns and uniques features, and analyzing the information by using interpretive procedures and tests.
Data collection methods include	surveys, observations, text analysis, and experiments.
Outside observer	record what is seen and heard
Participant observer	record the actions, feelings, and comments of self and others in a social world.
fieldwork	onsite data collection, usually focused on a particular social world.
ethnography	fieldwork that involves observations and interviews.
Messner and his colleagues used quantitative data when	he analyzed network sports news and ESPN highlights.
Knowledge claims	statements that explain the how and why about gender in connection with sports and sport participation in society.
Gender culture	gender categories are constructed around certain characteristics.Colors, names, objects, and qualities are seen as masculine or feminine.
Gender interaction	people learn how to act like a man or act like a woman, people perform gender and judge others by their performance.
Gender structure	roles and responsibilities identified with gender. Jobs and statuses are seen as being for men or for women.
Critical Feminist theory	assumes that knowledge about social life requires an understanding of gender and gender relations. Takes seriously insights and research done by women as part of the knowledge production process.
Critical feminist theory explains how and why the bodies, abilities, orientations, and relationships of	girls and women are systematically devalued in sports.
Critical feminist theory explains why gender equity and the transformation of the culture and structure of sports are	in the best interests of both females and males.
Critical feminist theory today is widely	accepted and used in the sociology of sport.
Using a critical approach makes us aware that	the production and application of knowledge are not completely objective processes.
Socialization	the process of learning the cultural norms and values of society. An active process of learning and social development.
Socialization occurs as we	interact with others, and become familiar with the social worlds in which we live.
Socialization is an	active process.
Structural theories	focus on the influence of significant others in socialization processes.
Interactionist model	processes of social learning and development occur through social interaction.
Past research on socialization and sports was often based on structural theories and a	personal internalization model in which it was assumed that social learning occurs as people internalize the rules of society as they grow up in their families, attend school, interact with peers and receive images and messages through the media.
Research based on personal internalization model of socialization found that sport participation is related to	a persons abilities, characteristics, and resources. The influence of significant others. The availability of opportunities to play and enjoy sports.
Interactionist model uses	qualitative methods.
Interactionist model	focuses on relationships and decision making processes that occur over time.
Interactionist model	recognizes that reasons for participation change over time.
Wheeler's findings on family culture and youth sport participation in the UK found that	children who defined sports as important in their lives came from families in which sports were well integrated into family relationships and seen as normal part of everyday life. Parents did not coach or critique.
Wheeler's findings on family culture and youth sport participation in the UK found that without family support, interventions are	likely to fail.
Wheeler's findings on family culture and youth sport participation in the UK found that participation barriers	often exist in a child's life.
Coakley and White's findings on youth participation in sports found that deciding to play sports depends on	sport's connection with other interests and goals, desires to develop and display competence, social support and access to resources, memories of past experiences in sports, sport-related images and meanings in relevant social worlds.
Donnelly and Young's findings on being accepted as an athlete found that becoming an athlete occurs in the context of sport subcultures and it involves	acquiring knowledge about the sport, interacting with people involved in the sport, learning how participation occurs and what is expected of athletes in the sport, and being recognized and accepted as an athlete by other athletes in the sport.
Process of becoming and staying involved in sports involves decisions influenced by	self reflection, social support and resources, social acceptance, cultural images and messages, meanings attached to gender, class, skin color, ethnicity, age, and physical disabilities in connection with sports and sport participation.
Past research indicates that people don't drop out forever or cut all ties with sports, they often move into other sport roles. Dropping out is tied to other	changes and transitions in a person's life. Dropping out isn't always due to negative experiences. Dropping out may cause problems among those who have identities grounded totally in sports, lack social and material resources.
Coakley's findings on burnout was that burnout among elite adolescent athletes was most likely when	high performance sports were organized so that athletes had little control over their lives, and when sport involvement was perceived to interfere with accomplishing important developmental tasks.
Koukouris' findings on leaving sports found that ending or reducing sport participation is associated with	the need to obtain a job and become independent. Realistic judgments about sport skills and chances for future success in elite sports.
Wheeler's findings on retirement of elite athletes found that when competitive sports careers ended, the main challenges faced by athletes with disabilities were	reinvesting time and energy into other activities and relationships, reconnecting with family members and friends, returning to school or initiating/continuing occupational careers.
Changing or ending competitive sport participation is related to	decision making processes in people's lives, identity issues and developmental issues, life transitions, and self-reflection related to the role of sports in one's life.
Sport participation offers diverse experiences	both positive and negative.
Selection processes in organized sports	favor some characteristics over others.
Negative socialization effects are most likely when	playing sports constricts or limits a person's identities, relationships, and experiences.
Positive socialization effects are most likely when	playing sports expands or diversifies a person's identities, relationships, and experiences.
Power and performance sports use power to push limits in pursuit of victories, excellence is proved through winning the body is a tool and weapon, competence based inclusion and	exclusion, hierarchical structures, and opponents are enemies.
Pleasure and participation sports have an emphasis on connections between people, have an ethic of expression, enjoyment, concern, and health. View the body as a	source of pleasure, have inclusion and accommodation of differences, democratic structures and you compete with others.
Pleasure and participation sports involve forms of cooperation that may not occur in	power and performance sports.
Jonathan Martin and Richie Incognito	bullying inside the locker room.
The healthiest physical activities are	rhythmic, noncompetitive exercises in which people control and regulate body movements.
Health benefits decline in	competitive sports.
Health costs of competitive sports are due to	injuries, violence, risk taking, and unhealthy lifestyles.
When people make the generalization that sports contribute to health, they overlook sports in which	injury rates are high and sport cultures encourage risky or unhealthy actions.
Physical activity reduces	weight.
When people equate activity with competitive sports,	activity rates often decline.
Sports in which large bodes are valued encourage	overeating and other unhealthy weight gain strategies, such as in the NFL where obesity rates are high.
People define and give meaning to sport experience in connection with their	social relationships.
Meanings given to sport experiences are grounded in cultural definitions related to	gender, race and ethnicity, social class, sexuality, disability, and other characteristics defined as socially important in a social world.
Theberge's findings on Canadian women's ice hockey team was that	the locker rooms of women's ice hockey teams are key places where women bond with each other and form a sense of community, players develop meanings for their sport participation through their relationships with each other and apply those meanings.
Social world	refers to a way of life and an associated mindset that revolves around a particular sport and the people associated with it.
Sport experiences	actions of people in sports can be understood only when placed in the context of the social worlds in which they occur.
Adler's findings on role engulfment among college basketball players found that some athletes in high profile sports experience role engulfment that	deeply affects their identities and how they make decisions about their academic, athletic, and social lives. Separates them from relationships and experiences they require if they are to learn lessons from their sport experiences.
Athletes in high profile sports may experience role engulfment that influences how	other people define and respond to them.
Wacquant's findings on inner city boxing gyms was that the social world of the boxing gym was	created in connection with the social forces in the black ghetto and its masculine street culture. It sheltered black men from the full destructive impact of social and cultural forces in their lives, and provided a disciplined regime of body regulation.
Sports are sites for	struggling over how we think and what we do.
Sports are sites where people create and learn stories they use as they	give meaning to and make sense of the world.
Sports consist of vocabularies and images that often support	dominant ideologies.
Hegemony is the	process of maintaining leadership and control by gaining the consent and approval of other groups, including those who are being led or controlled.
Sports are important sites for hegemonic processes because	they provide pleasure and excitement for people.
Research shows that none of us	lives outside the influence of ideology.
The most informative research on what happens in sports deals with	the everyday experiences of people who play sports, the social worlds created around sports, and community and cultural process thorough which ideologies are created, reproduced, and changed.
Organized youth sports became popular when	people realized that childhood development was influenced by the social environment and the experiences of children.
Neoliberal society	one in which individualism and material success are highly valued, and one in which publicly funded programs and services disappear and are replaced by private programs and service provision.
Organized programs have become	increasingly privatized.
Organized programs increasingly emphasize the	performance ethic.
An increase in private	elite training facilities.
Increased parental	involvement and concern.
Increased participation in "alternative" and	action sports.
Public, tax-supported community recreation programs include	local parks and recs
Public-interest, nonprofit community organizations include	YMCA, Boy and Girls Club
Private-interest, nonprofit sport organizations include	Little league baseball, pop warner football.
Private-interest commercial clubs include	soccer, tennis, gymnastics, skating, and ice hockey.
The goal and purpose of youth sports vary	depending on type of sponsorship.
Privatization of youth sports occurs when	public programs are cut.
Privatization of youth sports is most common in	middle and upper class income areas, often reproduces economic and ethnic inequalities and segregation in society.
Privatized programs are not accountable in the same way as public programs are may not be	committed to gender equity or equal opportunities.
Private, commercial programs emphasize	performance and competitive success, public, tax-supported programs emphasize inclusion, and fun.
The cost of participating in club-based youth sports make it	impossible for many children to participate.
performance ethic	a set ideas and beliefs emphasizing that the quality of the sport experience can be measured in terms of improved skills, especially in relation to the skill of others.
Elite sport training programs emphasize that children can	gain important rewards through sports.
Some elite sport training programs raise ethical issues about	adult-child relationships.
In US culture today children are seen as	products of parenting and the creations of parents.
A child's success in visible and valued activities reaffirms parental moral	worth in a neoliberal society .
Parents now take youth sports very seriously and they	assertively advocate the interests of their children, even if they must be extreme.
New interest in alternative sports may be a response to	highly structured, adult controlled organized programs.
Informal sports, such as pick up games have declined to the point of	near extinction.
Nearly all sport experiences for children now occur in	organized, adult controlled programs.
Research on the implications of this change is rare, parents now object to	people studying their children, research ethics review committees seldom approve of fieldwork and observational studies of children.
Adult controlled sports include relationships with authority figures, learning formal rules and strategies, systematic guidance by parents and coaches and	rule-governed teamwork and obedience to coaches required, winning and personal achievement is important.
Player controlled sports include action and personal involvement, interpersonal and decision making skills, cooperation and improvisation are required,	challenges, problem solving, and individual expression, reaffirmation of friendships is important.
When adults ignore developmental issues, children are more likely to	burn out and drop out.
Prior to age 12 many children don't have the ability to	fully understand competitive team sports.
Team sports require the use of a	"third party perspective"
Learning the dynamics of cooperation is a	prerequisite for fully understanding competitive relationships.
Until children learn about the dynamics of cooperation, they cannot	understand the team dynamics of competitive sports.
Youth sports today have	lost their child centered focus, been distorted by over invested parents, failed to train and evaluate coaches, mistakenly emphasized early sports specialization, and ignored the developmental abilities of children.
Information about concussions and injury rates in certain youth sports is leading some parents to seek	alternative programs that emphasize play and creativity more than domination and conquest.
Organized youth sports are a luxury item in most of the world available primarily to	children from relatively wealthy nations and families.
Youth sports and youth sport participation require	family resources and the volunteer labor of parents.
A prevailing belief in neoliberal US is that parents are morally obliged to nurture the	sport dreams of their children, regardless of cost and sacrifice.
Parent labor in youth sports often reproduces	gendered ideas about work and family.
Make play spaces more safe and accessible to as many	children as possible
Be sensitive to social class and	gender patterns.
Provide indirect guidance without bein	controlling
Hybrid sports	a combination of features of informal player controlled games and organized adult controlled sports.
Treat these sports as	worthwhile sites for facing challenges and developing competence.
Increase action and	personal involvement
Facilitate exciting	challenges.
Encourage forms of personal	expression
Facilitate friendship formation and	reaffirmation.
Too many adults who control youth sports give priority to control, organization, and the performance	ethic and ignore age-based developmental concerns.
Coaching education programs that don't deal with	social and developmental issues.
Coaching education programs are useful when they teach coaches to	deal with children safely and responsibly, organize practices and teach skills.
Coaching eduction programs are a problem if they foster a	technoscience approach to controlling children, creating coaches who are sports efficiency experts does not contribute to overall child development.
Deviance	occurs when a person's ideas, traits, or actions are perceived by others to fall outside the normal range of acceptance in a society.
Formal deviance	violations of official rules and laws that are punished by official sanctions administered by people in positions of authority.
Informal deviance	violations of unwritten customs and shared understandings that are punished by unofficial sanctions and administered by observers or peers.
Norm	a shared expectation that people use to identify what is acceptable and unacceptable in a social world.
Formal norms	official expectations that take the form of written rules or laws.
Informal norms	customs or unwritten, shared understandings of how a person is expected to think, appear, and act in a social world.
Athletes are not the only ones in spots who engage in deviant behavior other examples include	coaches, administrators, team owners, referees, trainers, public officials, media people, agents, parents, and spectators.
Absolutist approach	assumes that social norms are based on essential principles that constitute an unchanging foundation for identifying good and evil and distinguishing right from wrong.
Absolutist approach is based on three assumptions	norms represent social or moral ideals, any departure from the ideal constitutes deviance, the greater the departure from the ideal, the more serious the deviance.
According to an absolutist approach "normal" is	conforming to an ideal, and anything less than normal is deviant.
An absolutist approach to deviance does little to	explain or control most deviance in sports today.
Constructionist approach	deviance occurs when ideas, traits, and actions fall outside socially determined boundaries that people use to determine what is acceptable and unacceptable in a social world.
Constructionist approach is based on four assumptions that norms are socially constructed as people interact with each other and determine what's acceptable and what isn't, that deviance is	socially constructed as people negotiate the boundaries of their acceptance. That power dynamics influence this negotiation, that most ideas, traits, and actions all into a normally accepted range.
According to a constructionist approach there are two types of deviance	on involving under conformity to norms, and the other inovving over conformity.
Much deviance in sports involves	over conformity to established norms in sports.
Sports deviance must be understood in terms of the context of	sport cultures and the norms of the sport ethic.
The sport ethic	an interrelated set of norms or standards that are used to guide and evaluate ideas, traits, and actions in the social worlds created around power and performance sports.
Deviance in sports occurs on	both sides of normal.
The four primary norms of sport ethic are	dedication to the game, strive for distinction, accept no obstacles in the pursuit of success, and accept risks and play through pain.
Engaging in deviant over conformity bonds athletes together in ways that normalize over conformity to the sport ethic in sport groups	separates athletes from the general community while inspiring awe and admiration among community members, often leads athletes to develop hubris.
Hubris	pride driven arrogance and an inflated sense of self impotence that leads one to feel separate from and superior to others.
Deviance becomes more likely when social bonds among athletes normalize risk taking, athletes are separated from the rest of the community, athletes develop extreme degree of hubris and people in the community see athletes as	deserving special privilege because they engage in entertaining, even if dangerous and disabling actions.
Evidence suggests that cheating, dirty play, and fighting are	less common today than in the past.
Athletes in power and performance sports accept good fouls, cheating when you can get away with it and	playing to the level of the referee.
People focus exclusively on deviant under conformity and overlook deviant over conformity the	form of deviance that might be more pervasive today.
As the personal stakes have increased in sports and surveillance methods are more pervasive our awareness of	corruption in sport organizations has increased.
Institutional corruption	established, widespread and taken for granted processes and practices that, if publicly known, would be seen as immoral, unethical, or illegal to the point of destroying public trust in its leaders.
Chuck Blazer	former executive for the American Soccer League and the US soccer federation was suspended from his post in FIFA for paying himself 1.5 million in commissions, among otter things.
Research shows that many athletes have	lower rates of delinquency than similar peers who do not play spots.
Consumptive deviance	actions and appearances that can be imagined as real deviance without producing any real negative consequences for anyone involved.
Consumptive deviance may be used to	create marketable personas or to make one's self into a brand without hurting anyone in the process.
Coakley conclusion	substance use is not caused by defective socialization or a lack of moral character among athletes.
Use of performance enhancing substances occurs regularly today in	high performance sports.
Donald Sterling	owner of Sand Diego Clippers, racial slurs.
Mark Cuban	owner of Dallas Mavericks, yells at refs.
Bruce Levenson	owner of Atlanta Hawks, racist email.
Ray Rice	running back, Baltimore Ravens, beat wife.
Roger Goodell	NFL commissioner, had proof of Ray Rice gave light punishment.
Adrian Peterson	Minnesota Vikings, child abuse
Lance Armstrong	7 time tour de france champion 199-2005 doping scandal.
George Brett	Pine Tar incident 1983
Rosie Ruiz	ran out in front of the Boston Marathon.
Jimmy Gronen	1973 soap box derby, put electromagnet in car.
Tonya Harding	planned attack on Nancy Kerrigan during 1994 Winter Olympics.
1951 College Hoops Point Shaving Scandal	Paid college players off to lose the game by a little more/ win b y more.
1919 Black Sox Scandal	Shoeless Joe Jackson, accused of being part of swaying games but ended up being false and was never put in hall of fame due to it.
Ben Johnson	1988 olympic Sprinter disqualified for doping.
Tim Donaghy	NBA ref swayed games for Vegas pay outs.
Bill Belichick	Patriots coach, spy gate 2007 filmed Jets defensive signals
Mike Tyson	bit ear off of Evander Holyfield
Dany Almonte	2001 Little League World Series, was two years too old.
New Orlean Saints	Play to injure scheme, were being paid bounties to take out players
1972 US USSR Olympic basketball	repeated the last 3 seconds of the game until Russia won. US did not accept the silver medal.

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