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The Geosphere
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The 4 Earth Systems | geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere |
| Geosphere | the mostly solid, rocky part of the Earth that extends from the center to the crust |
| Seismic waves | used to learn about the Earth's interior using their speed and direction |
| The 3 Geosphere Layers | crust, mantle, core |
| Crust | thin and solid outermost layer of Earth above the mantle |
| Mantle | the layer of rock between the Earth's crust and core |
| Core | the central part of the Earth below the mantle, composed of the densest elements |
| 5 Geosphere sublayers | lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, outer core, inner core |
| Lithosphere | the solid, outer layer of the Earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle |
| Asthenosphere | the solid, plastic (stretchy) layer of the mantle below the lithosphere |
| Mesosphere | beneath the asthenosphere; the lower part of the mantle |
| Outer Core | a dense, liquid layer |
| Inner Core | a dense, solid layer; made of iron and nickel |
| Techtonic plates | blocks of lithosphere that glide across the underlying asthenosphere |
| fault | a break in the Earth's crust along which blocks of the crust slide against each other |
| earthquake | occurs when rocks under stress break along a fault and cause ground vibrations |
| earthquake magnitude | a measure of the energy released by an earthquake |
| volcano | a mountain that allows for magma, ash, and gas to escape from beneath the surface |
| pyroclastic flow | cloud of hot ash, dust, and gases that can flow at speeds of up to 125 mph and sear everything in its path |
| mud flow | fast-moving water and ash mix |
| ash | can collapse buildings, bury crops, damage engines, and cause breathing difficulties |
| erosion | the process in which the materials of the Earth's surface are loosened, dissolved, or worn away by wind, water, ice, or gravity |
| glaciers | large blocks of ice that can carve valleys through mountains |
| wind erosion | removal of soil by the wind in places where there aren't many plants, such as beaches and deserts |
Created by:
GarrisonWAHS
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