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The Atmosphere

Chapter 1

TermDefinition
electromagnetic waves A form of energy that can travel through space.
radiation The direct transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves
infared radiation A form of energy with wavelenghs that are longer than visible light.
ultraviolet radiation A form of energy with wavelengths that are shorter than visible light.
scattering Reflection of light in all directions.
greenhouse effect The process by which heat is trapped in the atmosphere by water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane,and other gasses that form a "blanket" around earth.
thermal energy The energy of motion in the molecules of a substance
temperature The average amount of energy of motion in the molecules of a substance.
thermometer An instrument used to measure temperature, consisting of a thin, glass with a bulb on one end that contains a liquid (usually mercury or alcohol)
heat The energy transferred from a hotter object to a cooler one.
conduction The direct transfer of heat from one substance to another substance that it is touching.
convection The transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid.
wind The horizantal movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure.
anemometer An interment used to measure wind speed.
wind-chill factor Increased cooling caused by the wind.
local winds Winds that bow over short distances.
sea breeze The flow of air from an ocean or lake to the land.
monsoons Sea and land breezes over a large region that change direction with the seasons.
global winds Winds that blow steadily from specific directions over long distances.
Coriolis effect The way Earth's rotation makes winds in the northern hemisphere curve to the right and winds in the southern hemisphere turn to the left.
latitude The distance from the equator, measured in degrees.
jet streams Bands of high speed winds about ten kilometers above Earth's surface.
evaporation The process by which water molecules in liquid water escape into the air as water vapor.
condensation The process by which water vapor in the air becomes liquid water.
dew point The temperature at which condensation begins.
cumulus Clouds that form less than two kilometers above the ground and look like fluffy, rounded, piles of cotton.
stratus Clouds that form in flat layers.
cirrus Wispy, feathery clouds made mostly of ice crystals that form at high levels, above about six kilometers
precipitation Any form of water of water that falls from clouds and reaches the Earth's surface.
rain Drops of water are called rain if they are at least 0.5 mm in diameter.
sleet Ice particles smaller than 5mm in diameter.
freezing rain Rain drops that freeze once they reach a cold surface.
hail Round pellets of ice that are at least 5 mm in diameter.
snow Water vapor in clouds are converted directly into ice crystals.
droughts Long periods of unusually low precipitation.
Created by: benjamin.lockitt
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