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ch3,4,5
Question | Answer |
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organs of Integumentary System | Skin, Hair, Nails, Sebaceous glands, Sweat glands |
Sebaceous glands | oil glands, lubricates the skin surface, Secrete the oil sebum |
Epidermis | thin, outer membrane layer, composed of stratified squamous epithelium, basal layer is the deepest layer of the epidermis |
Dermis | Middle fibrous connective tissue layer, also called the corium, living tissue with blood supply |
Subcutaneous | innermost layer of fatty tissue, also called hypodermis, composed of fat cells called lipocytes |
Basal layer | keratin is found here. keratin is a hard protein from dead cells, |
melanocytes | cells of basal layer, produce melanin, gives skin color, protects against ultraviolet rays of sun |
Apocrine glands | found in pubic and underarm area, thicker sweat that can produce an odor |
dermatitis | inflammation of the skin |
dermatologist | skin specialist |
Dermatopathy | skin disease |
dermatoplasty | surgical repair of skin |
anhidrosis | abnormal condition of no sweat |
hyperhidrosis | abnormal condition of excessive sweat |
erythroderma | red skin |
ichthyoderma | scaly, dry skin |
leukoderma | white skin |
pyoderma | pus skin |
scleroderma | hard skin |
xeroderma | dry skin |
abrasion | friction scraping away skin surface |
contusion | injury caused by a blow; causes swelling, pain, and bruising |
Cyanosis | bluish tint to skin caused by deoxygenated blood |
dermatology | diagnosis and treatment of skin conditions; physician is a dermatologist |
ecchymosis | blood collecting under skin following blunt trauma, a bruise |
erythema | red flushing of skin |
Hirsutism | excessive hair growth |
Keloid | thick hypertrophic scar |
petechiae | spots from minute hemorrhages under the skin |
purpura | skin hemorrhage due to fragile blood vessels |
cyst | fluid-filled sac under skin |
fissure | crack like lesion on skin |
laceration | torn or jagged wound |
macule | flat, discolored spot on skin |
nodu5cmle | firm, solid mass larger that 0. |
abscess | collection of pus in skin |
burn | skin damaged caused by fire, electricity, ultraviolet light, or caustic chemicals; percentage of skin burned is estimated by Rule of Nines |
papule | small, solid raised spot smaller that 0.5 cm |
pustulpe | raised spot on skin containing pus |
first degree burn | skin reddened and painful, no blisters; damage to epidermis |
Second degree burns | skin reddened and painful with blister; |
Third degree burn | skin charred; epidermis and dermis burned away; subcutaneous layer exposed |
impetigo | highly infectious bacterial infection with pustules that rupture and crust over |
Kaposi's Sarcoma | skin cancer seen in AIDS patients; brownish-purple lesions |
Scabies | mite infestation |
Varicella | contagious viral infection; chickenpox |
alopecia | absence or loss of hair; baldness |
culture and sensitivity (C&S) | grows bacteria removed from infected area to identify infecting bacteria; then determines sensitivity to various antibiotics |
Biopsy (BX,bx) | removalof piece of tissue to examine under a microscope; aids in diagnosis |
skin graft (SG) | transfer of skin from normal area to cover another site |
allograft | skin graft from one person to another |
autograft | skik graft from a person's own body |
hererograft | skin graft from an animal of another species; usually a pig; xenograft |
xenograft | skin graft from an animal of another species; usually a pig; hererograft |
dermatome | instrument for cutting skin or for producing thin transplants of skin |
cauterization | destruction of tissue by using chemicals, electricity, heat, or freezing |
debridement | removal of foreign material and dead or damaged tissue |
Incision and drainage (I&D) | making an incision to drain material such as pus |
Red Bone Marrow | produces blood cells |
Joint | place where two bones meet held together by ligaments gives flexibility to skelton |
Long bones | longer than wide femur humerus |
short bones | roughly as long as wide carpals tarsals |
flat bones | plate shaped sternum scapula pelvis |
Irregular bones | shape very irregular vertebrae |
Diaphysis | central shaft, medullary cavity, yellow bone marrow |
Epiphysis | wide ends of bone, distal epiphysis, proximal epiphysis |
compact bone | cortical bone |
cancellous bone | found inside bone, has spaces containing red bone marrow, manufactures blood cells |
Head (Bone) | large smooth ball-shaped end of a long bone |
Condyle (Bone) | smooth rounded portion at end of bone |
Epicondyle (bone) | projection above or on a condyle |
Trochanter (Bone) | Large rough process |
Tubercle (Bone) | small rough process |
Tuberosity (Bone) | Large rough process |
Sinus | hollow cavity within bone |
Foramen | smooth opening for nerves and blood vessels |
Fossa | shallow cavity or depression within a bone |
Fissure | Deep groove or slit-like opening |
Axial Skeleton | Head, neck, spine, chest, trunk |
Skull | two parts cranium facial bones |
The Trunk | vertebral column, sternum, rib cage |
Vertebral column | Cervical (7), Thoracic (12), Lumbar (5) |
Rib cage | True ribs; 10 pairs attached to sternum in front, Floating ribs; inferior 2 pair, no attachment in front |
Appendicular Skeleton | pectoral girdle, upper extremity, pelvic girdle, lower extremity |
Pectoral Girdle | Clavical- collar bone scapula- shoulder bone |
Upper extremity | humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges |
Synovial Joints | Most common type of Joint |
Arthralgia | joint pain |
artherocentesis | puncture to withdraw fluid form joint |
arthrogram | record of a joint |
arthritis | joint inflammation |
arthroscope | instrument to view joint |
ostealgia | bone pain |
chriopractic | practice of treating patients using manipulations of vertebral column; practitioner is a chiropractor |
Kyphosis | abnormal increase in curve of thoracic spine; humpback |
lordosis | abnormal increase in forward curvature of lumbar spine; swayback |
Closed fracture | fracture with no open skin wound; also called simple fracture |
colles' fracture | common wrist fracture |
comminuted fracture | fracture where bone is shattered, splintered, or crushed wound |
compound fracture | fracture with an open skin wound; also called an open fracture |
Compression fracture | fracture with loss of height in vertebral body; often from osteoporosis |
Fracture (FX, Fx) | broken bone |
green stick fracture | incomplete break; one side of bone is broken, the other is bent; common in children |
impacted fracture | bone fragments are pushed into each other |
oblique fracture | fracture at an angle to bone |
transverse fracture | fracture is straight across bone |
rickets | lack of calcium and vitamin D deficiency, results in one deformities like bowed legs |
scoliosis | lateral curve of spine |
osteoarthritis (OA) | results in degeneration of bone and joints; bone rubs against bone |
rheumatoid arthritis (RA) | autoimmune inflammation of joints with swelling, stiffness, pain, results in joint deformities |
arthrography | visualizing joint by x-ray after injecting contrast medium into joint |
arthroscopy | examining interior of joint with an arthroscope, a fiberoptic camera; view of joint interior appears on monitor during procdeure |
spinal fusion | surgical immobilization of adjacent vertebrae |
Fasci/o | fibrous band |
fibr/o | fibers |
kinesi/o | movement |
muscul/o | muscle |
my/o | muscle |
myocardi/o | heart muscle |
myos/o | muscle |
plant/o | sole of foot |
ten/o | tendon |
tendin/o | tendon |
Types of Muscle | Skeletal Smooth Cardiac |
Origin | less moveable of 2 bones |
Insertion | more moveable of 2 bones |
abduction | movement away form midline of body |
adduction | movement toward midline of body |
flexion | act of bending or being bent |
extension | brings limb into a straight condition |
dorsiflextion | backward bending of foot |
plantar flexion | bending sole of foot; pointing toes |
eversion | turning outward |
inversion | turning inward |
pronation | turning palm downward |
supination | turning palm upward |
elevation | to raise |
depression | to drop down |
myalgia | muscle pain |
myocardial | pertaining to the heart muscle |
myoplasty | surgical repair of muscle |
myorrhaphy | suture of muscle |
myorrhexis | muscle rupture |
bradykinesia | slow movement |
dyskinesia | difficult movement |
hyperkinesia | excessive movement |
hypokinesia | insufficient movement |
tendinitis | tendon inflammation |
fibromyalgia | widespread aching and pain in muscles and soft tissue |
muscle biopsy | removal of muscle tissue for examination |
organs of cardiovascular system | heart, arteries, capillaries, veins |
pulmonary circulation | between heart and lungs, carries deoxygenated blood away from right side of heart to lungs, carries oxygenated blood from lungs to left side of heart |
Systemic Circulation | between heard and cells of body, carries oxygenated blood away from left side of heart to body, carries deoxygenated blood from body to right side of heart |
Heart chambers | 2 atria, 2 ventricles heart is divided into right and left sides by a wall called the septum |
Heart valves | Tricuspid, Pulmonary, Mitral (bicuspid), aortic |
Aorta | carries blood to all parts of the body |
Diastole | relaxation of heart chamber |
Systole | contraction of heart chamber |
Sinoatrial (SA) Node | pacemaker of the heart, electrical impulse begins |
coronary arteries | supply blood to myocardium |
ventricular systole | gives highest blood pressure- systolic top reading on BP |
Ventricular diastole | blood pressure drops to lowest point- diastolic bottom reading on BP |
angiogram | record of a vessel |
angioplasty | surgical repair of a vessel |
angiostenosis | narrowing of a vessel |
cardiac | pertaining to the heart |
bradycardia | state of slow heart rate |
electrocardiogram | record of hearts electricity |
cardiomegaly | enlarged heart |
myocardial | pertaining to heart muscle |
cardiologist | heart specialist |
cardiorrhexis | ruptured heart |
tachycardia | state of fast heart rate |
valvulities | inflammation of a valve |
venogram | record of vein |
auscultation | listening to sounds within body using a stethoscope |
cardiology | branch of medicine for diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease; physician is a cardiologist |
catheter | flexible tube inserted in body to move fluids into or out of body; may be used to place dye into a vein to view blood vessels |
palpitations | pounding, racing heart beats |
regurgitation | to flow backwards; in CV system refers to backflow of blood through valve |
arrhythmia | irregularity in heartbeat; some are mild and others are life threatening |
cardiac arrest | complete stopping of the heart activity |
cardiomyopathy | myocardial disease; may be caused by viral infection, congestive heart failure, or alcoholism; common reason for heart transplant |
congestive heart failure (CHF) | left ventricle muscle is too weak to efficiently pump blood; results in weakness, breathlessness, and edema |
coronary artery disease (CAD) | poor blood supply to heart muscle due to obstruction of coronary arteries; may cause angina pectoris and heart attack |
fibrillation | extremely serous arrhythmia characterized by quivering of heart fibers; cardiac arrest and death can occur |
myocardial infarction (MI) | occlusion of coronary artery, heart attack |
aneurysm | weakness and ballooning of arterial wall |
embolus | obstruction of blood vessel by blood clot that has broken off from a thrombus in another site |
hemorrhoid | varicose veins in the anal region |
hypertension (HTN) | high blood pressure; |
thrombus | blood clot within a blood vessel |
varicose veins | swollen and distended veins; often in the legs |
electrocardiography | process of recording electrical activity of heart; |
stress testing | evaluates cardiovascular fitness |
AFB | atrial fibrillation |
AMI | acute myocardial infarction |
AS | arteriosclerosis |
ASD | atrial septal defect |
ASHD | arteriosclerotic heart disease |
ASHD | arteriosclerotic heart disease |
AV, A-V | atrioventricular |
BBB | bundle branch block |
BP | Blood pressure |
bpm | beats per minute |
CABG | coronary artery bypassgraft |
CAD | coronary artery disease |
cath | catheterization |
CC | cardiac catherterization, chief complaint |
CCU | coronary care unit |
CHF | congestive heart failure |
CoA | coarctation of the aorta |
CP | chest pain |
CPK | creatine phosphokinase |
CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
CSD | congenital septal defect |
CV | Cardiovascular |
DVT | deep vein thrombosis |
ECC | extracorporeal circulation |
ECG, EKG | electrocardiogram |
ECHO | echocardiogram |
GOT | lutamic oxaloacetic transaminase |
HTN | hypertension |
ICU | intravenous |
LDH | lactate dehydrogenase |
LVAD | left ventricular assist device |
LVH | left ventricular hypertrophy |
MI | myocardial infraction, mitral insufficiency |
mmHg | millimeters of mercury |
MR | mitral regurgitation |
MS | mitral stenosis |
MVP | mitral valve prolapse |
P | pulse |
PAC | premature atrial contraction |
PDA | patent ductus arteriosus |
PTCA | percutaneous transluminalcoronary angioplasty |
PVC | premature ventricular contraction |
S1 | first heart sound |
S2 | second heart sound |
SA, S-A | sinoatrial |
SGOT | serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transminase |
SK | streptokinase |
tPA | tissue-type plasminogen activator |
Vfib | ventricular fibrillation |
VSD | ventricular septal defect |
VT | ventricular tachycardia |