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043
Blood & Lymphatic System - Q – Diagnostic tests & Procedure & A – Meaning
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| phlebotomy | incision into or puncture of a vein to withdraw blood for testing |
| blood chemistry | test of the fluid portion of blood to measure the amounts of its chemical constituents (e.g., glucose and cholesterol) |
| blood chemistry panels | specialized batteries of automated blood chemistry tests performed on a single sample of blood; used as a general screen for disease or to target specific organs or conditions (e.g., metabolic panel, lipid panel, and arthritis panel) |
| basic metabolic panel (BMP) | battery of tests used as a general screen for disease; includes tests for calcium, carbon dioxide (CO2), chloride, creatinine, glucose, potassium, sodium, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) |
| comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) | tests performed in addition to the basic panel for expanded screening: albumin, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, protein, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) |
| kom-prē-hen′siv met-ă-bol′ik păn′l | 0 |
| blood culture | test to determine if infection is present in the bloodstream by isolating a specimen of blood in an environment that encourages the growth of microorganisms; the specimen is observed, and the organisms that grow in the culture are identified |
| CD4 cell count | a measure of the number of CD4 cells (a subset of T lymphocytes) in the blood; used in monitoring the course of HIV and in timing the treatment of AIDS; the normal adult range is 600–1500 cells in a given volume of blood |
| erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) | timed test that measures the rate at which red blood cells settle through a volume of plasma |
| partial thromboplastin time (PTT) | test to determine coagulation defects, such as platelet disorders |
| thromboplastin | substance present in tissues, platelets, and leukocytes that is necessary for coagulation |
| prothrombin time (PT) | test to measure activity of prothrombin in the blood |
| prothrombin | protein substance in the blood that is essential to the clotting process |
| complete blood count (CBC) | a common laboratory blood test performed as a screen of general health or for diagnostic purposes and typically includes the component tests that follow; test results are usually reported along with normal values so that the clinician can interpret the re |
| white blood count (WBC) | a count of the number of white blood cells in a given volume of blood obtained via manual or automated laboratory methods |
| red blood count (RBC) | a count of the number of red blood cells in a given volume of blood obtained via manual or automated laboratory methods |
| hemoglobin (HGB or Hgb) | a test to determine the blood level of hemoglobin (expressed in grams) |
| hematocrit (HCT or Hct) | a measurement of the percentage of packed red blood cells in a given volume of blood |
| blood indices | calculations of RBC, HGB, and HCT results to determine the average size, hemoglobin concentration, and content of red blood cells to classify an anemia (Note: in the entries below, the term corpuscular pertains to a blood cell) |
| mean corpuscular (cell) volume (MCV) | calculation of the volume (size) of individual red blood cells using HCT and RBC results: MCV = HCT/RBC |
| mean corpuscular (cell) hemoglobin (MCH) | calculation of the content (weight) of hemoglobin in the average red blood cell using HGB and RBC results: MCH = HGB/RBC |
| mean corpuscular (cell) hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) | calculation of the average hemoglobin concentration in each red blood cell using HGB and HCT results: MCHC = HGB/HCT |
| differential count | determination of the number of each type of white blood cell (leukocyte) in a stained blood smear; each type is counted and reported as a percentage of the total examined |
| red cell morphology | as part of identifying and counting the white blood cells, the condition, size, and shape of red blood cells in the background of the smeared slide are noted (e.g., anisocytosis, poikilocytosis) |
| platelet count (PLT) | calculation of the number of thrombocytes in the blood; the normal adult range is 150,000–450,000 platelets in a given volume of blood |
| bone marrow aspiration | needle aspiration of bone marrow tissue for pathologic examination |
| bone marrow biopsy | pathologic examination of bone marrow tissue |
| lymphangiogram | an x-ray image of a lymph node or vessel obtained after injection of a contrast medium |
| computed tomography (CT) | full body x-ray CT images are used to detect tumors and cancers such as lymphoma |
| positron-emission tomography (PET) | scanning technique combining nuclear medicine and computed tomography technology to produce images of anatomy and metabolic function within the body; useful in determining the recurrence of cancers or to measure response to therapy; commonly used in evalu |
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