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NALS chp 4 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| application | refers to the specific tasks a computer can do |
| backup | to prevent the loss of data, they should make copies of all the data stored on the computers and place those duplicates in a separate location |
| byte | refers to the amount of space required to store one character of information. |
| case management/electronic case filing (CM/ECF) | program that allows case management, case filing, and document access online to federal courts |
| CD-ROM | can hold about 650 megabytes |
| central processing unit (CPU) | directs the flow of information, performs all calculations, and controls all the components of the computer system |
| database | new info can be added, incorrect info can be modified, can be used to create a variety of reports |
| database management system | used to collect, store, and organize data |
| data source | the secondary file that contains a set of names, addresses, phone numbers, and other types of individual information |
| document management system | takes the job of naming files away from the operator and automatically assigns file names according to standardized programming instructions |
| electronic filing (efiling) | a system used by courts, government agencies, attorneys, and the public to reduce paperwork and electronically file documents over the internet using a standard web browser.\ |
| a system of delivering and receiving messages electronically using a router, telephone line, or network and communications software | |
| field | one piece of information about a person or business |
| fonts | refers to the style or design of a collection of letters, numerals, symbols, and punctuation marks |
| footers | place text and graphics at the bottom of each page |
| graphical user interface | how Windows displays menus and choices |
| hardware | the physical components. (keyboard, monitor, printer, and the case or chassis) |
| headers | place text and graphics at the top of each page |
| input device | a means of getting information or data from the operator into the computer. |
| justification | refers to the four types of text alignment |
| links | within each of the web pages (aka hypertext, hyperlinks, hotspots, and jumps) |
| local area network (LAN) | connects computers that are located close together and are joined by cables or with a wireless connection |
| macro(s) | allows the operator to record keystrokes and then play them back with just a few keystorkes |
| mainframe computers | large, very expensive, high-speed machines that that require trained operators and special temperature environments |
| malware | viruses, Trojans, keyboard scanners, and many others attack unprotected computers |
| metadata | data stored in the computer that shows who created accessed, or revised, a document what changes were made and by whom, and the dates and times when all of this occured |
| microcomputers | small-sized computers known as personal or desktop computers (PCs) |
| minicomputers | midsized, powerful computers often used as network servers |
| open codes | line spacing, margins, tab sets, font changes, justification, and page numbering |
| operating system | software usually installed in the computer at the time of purchase, that must be in place before the other software can be operated |
| optical character recognition (OCR) | scans addressees and machine routes mail. scans documents in hard copy onto word processing drives |
| output device | used to get information or data out of the computer and back to the operator |
| paired codes | underline, bold, italics, and the styles on and off codes |
| peripherals | connected to a computer but not an essential part of it |
| portable computers | include notebooks, laptops, handheld, tablets, and smart phones |
| record | made up of all the fields relating to that one person or business |
| redline (blackline) | when there are two versions of a document, the additions in the new version are marked with the redline |
| repetitive stress injury (RSI) | problems associated with constant keyboard work, such as muscle aches, tension, and pain in the hands, arms, neck, and back |
| software | a set of instructions written by programmers that directs the computers to manipulate or change data to accomplish the programs function. |
| styles | can help give a professional look to a document |
| track pad | often found on laptops and allows fingertip control of cursor movement |
| trackball | a pointing device with a ball on top that is rolled with the fingertips to move the cursor while the base of the trackball device remains stationary |
| uniform resource locator (URL) | the address of a website or hyperlink |
| USB drives | very small devices that plug into USB ports to contain memory that functions as a hard drive. 64 gigabytes or more |
| virus | a computer code that can be copied into an existing computer program and make itself known by flashing an innocuous message on the screen and doing something as dangerous as destroying data, disabling the operating system, or stealing data |
| web browser | what allows a user to access websites using their URL |
| webcam | cameras that send live images over the internet or capture video to file |
| web page or website | the millions of HTML documents that make up the internet |
| wide area network (WAN) | connects computers that are located farther apart. uses high-speed data lines and communications-satellite linkage |
| zip drive | small portable drives which hold 100 megabytes of data |
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