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chapter 4
muscular system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| abduction | Moves away from the midline. |
| adduction | Moves toward the midline. |
| Adhesion | Band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally. |
| ataxia | Inability to coordinate muscle activity during voluntary movement, typically a shaky movement and unsteady caused by activity in the cerebellum |
| atonic | Meaning lacking normal muscle tone or strength |
| atrophy | Means weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures |
| bradykinesia | Extreme slowness in movement, a symptom of Parkinson’s disease |
| carpal tunnel syndrome | The carpal tunnel is a narrow, bony passage under the carpal ligament that is located one-fourth of a inch below the inner surface of the wrist. |
| chronic fatigue syndrome | Disease of unknown cause that affects many body systems. |
| circumduction | Circular movement of a limb at the far end |
| dorsiflexion | Bends the foot upward at the ankle |
| dyskinesia | Distortion or impairment of voluntary movement such as a tic (spasmodic muscular contraction) or spasm |
| dystaxia | Partial ataxia, mild form of ataxia |
| dystonia | Is a condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement |
| electromyography | Diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation which is used when people have symptoms of weakness and examination shows impaired muscle strength |
| Electroneuromyography | Diagnostic procedure for testing and recording neuromuscular activity by the electric stimulation of the nerve trunk that carries fibers to and from the muscle to determine the site of a nerve lesion or of muscle pathology. |
| epicondylitis | Inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow |
| ergonomics | Study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment |
| exercise physiologist | Specialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs, and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness |
| fasciitis | Inflammation of a fascia |
| fibromyalgia syndrome | Debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue, diffuse or specific muscle, joint or bone pain, and a wide range of other symptoms causing weakness |
| ganglion cyst | Harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist |
| heel spur | Calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near it’s attachment to the calcaneus (heel) bone that can be one of the causes of plantar fasciitis |
| hemiparesis | Slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body |
| hemiplegia | Total paralysis affecting only one side of the body. This form of paralysis is usually associated with a stroke or brain damage. Damage to one side of the brain causes paralysis on the opposite of the body |
| hyperkinesia | Abnormally increased muscle function or activity |
| hypertonia | Condition of excessive tone of the skeletal muscles |
| hypokinesia | Abnormally decreased muscle function or activity |
| hypotonia | Condition in where there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles |
| inpingement syndrome | Occurs when inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint |
| intermittent claudication | Pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest due to poor circulation associated with peripheral vascular disease |
| muscular dystrophy | Group of 30 or more genetic disease that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement, without affecting the nervous system |
| myasthenia gravis | Chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles |
| myocele | Herniation or protrusion of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it |
| myoclonus | Sudden involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles |
| myofascial release | Specialized soft tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint disorders and carpal tunnel syndrome |
| myolysis | Degeneration or breaking down of muscle tissue |
| myoparesis | Weakness or slight muscular paralysis |
| myorrhaphy | Surgical suturing a muscle wound |
| myotonia | Neuromuscular disorder characterized by the slow relaxation of the muscles after a voluntary contraction |
| nocturnal myoclonus | Jerking of the limbs that can occur normally as a person is falling asleep |
| oblique | Meaning slanted or at an angle alignment |
| paralysis | Loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to it’s nerve supply |
| paraplegia | Paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body |
| physiatrist | Physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function |
| plantar facitis | Inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot causing foot or heel pain when walking or running |
| polymyositis | Muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body mainly affecting those muscles closest to the trunk or torso resulting in severe weakness |
| pronation | Turning the palm of the hand downward or backward |
| quadriplegia | Paralysis of all four extremities |
| sarcopenia | Loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging |
| shin splint | Painful condition caused by the muscle tearing away from the tibia (shin bone) caused by repeated stress to the lower leg such as running on hard surfaces |
| singultus | hiccups;;;; Myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm |
| spasmodic torticollis | Stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side |
| sphincter | Ring like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway |
| sprain | Injury to a joint, such as an ankle, knee or wrist involving a stretched or torn ligament |
| tenodesis | Surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone |
| tenodynia | Pain in a tendon |
| tenolysis | Release of a tendon from adhesions |
| tenorrhaphy | Surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon |
Created by:
wood33971
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