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PTA
Upper Extremity Muscle's O, I, A, N
| Muscle | Origin | Insertion | Nerve | Activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Levator Scapula | Transverse processes of first four cervical vertebrae | Vertebral border of scapula between the superior angle and spine | C3, C4, dorsal scapular (C5) | Scapular elevation and downwards rotation |
| Rhomboid | Spinous processes of C7 through T5 | Vertebral border of scapula between the spine and inferior angle | Dorsal scapular (C5) | Scapular retraction, elevation, and downward rotation |
| Serratus Anterior | Lateral Surface of the upper eight ribs | Vertebral border of the scapula, anterior surface | Long thoracic (C5,C6,C7) | Scapular protraction and upward rotation |
| Pectoralis Minor | Anterior surface, third through fith rib | Coracoid process of the scapula | Medial pectoral (C8,T1) | Scapular depression, protraction, downward rotation and tilt |
| Anterior Deltoid | Lateral third of the clavicle | Deltoid tuberosity | Axillary (C5,C6) | Shouldr abduction, flexion, medial rotation and horizontal adduction |
| Middle Deltoid | Acromion process | Deltoid tuberosity | Axillary (C5,C6) | Shoulder abduction |
| Posterior Deltoid | Spine of scapula | Deltoid tuberosity | Axillary (C5,C6) | Shouler abduction, extension, hyperextension, lateral rotation, horizontal abduction |
| Supraspinatus | Suprasinous fossa of the scapula | Greater tubercle of the humerus | Suprascapular (C5,C6) | Shoulder abduction |
| Pectoralis Major- Clavicular portion | Medial third of clavicle | Lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus | Lateral and medial pectoral(C5,C6,C7,C8,T1) | Shoulder flexion- first 60 degrees, adduction, medial rotation, and horozontal adduction |
| Pectoralis Major- Sternal portion | Sternum, costal cartilage of first six ribs | Lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus | Lateral and medial pectoral(C5,C6,C7,C8,T1) | Shoulder extension- 180 to 120 degrees, adduction, medial rotation, and horozontal adduction |
| Latissimus Dorsi | Spinous processes of T7 through L5 (fascia), posterior surface of sacrum, iliac crest and lower three ribs | Medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus | Thoracodorsal (C6,C7,C8) | Shoulder extension, adduction, medial rotation, hyperextension |
| Teres Major | Axillary border of Scapular near the inferior angle | Crest below lesser tubercle next to the latissimus dorsi muscle attachment | Subscapular (C5,C6) | Shoulder extension, adduction and medial rotation |
| Infraspinatus | Infraspinous fossa of scapula | Greater tubercle of humerus | Suprascapular (C5,C6) | Shoulder lateral rotation, Horizontal abduction |
| Teres Minor | Axillary border of scapula | Greater tubercle of humerus | Axillary (C5,C6) | Shoulder lateral rotation, horizontal abduction |
| Subscapularis | Subscapular fossa of the scapula | Lesser tubercle of the humerus | Subscapular (C5,C6) | Shoulder medial rotation |
| Coracobrachialis | Coracoid process of the scapula | medial surface of the humerus near midpoint | Musculocutaneous (C6,C7) | Stabilizes the shoulder join |
| Brachialis | Distal half of humerus, anterior surface | Coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity of the ulna | Musculocutaneous (C6,C7) | Elbow Flexion |
| Biceps Brachii | Long head-Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula. Short head- coracoid process of scapula | Radial tuberosity | Musculocutaneous (C6,C7) | Elbow flexion, Forearm supination |
| Brachioradialis | Lateral supracondylar ridge on the humerus | Styloid process of the radius | Radial (C5,C6) | Elbow flexion |
| Triceps | Long head- Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula. Lateral head- Inferior to greater tubercle on posterior humerus. Medial head- Posterior surface of humerus. | Olecranon process of ulna | Radial (C7,C8) | Elbow extension |
| Pronator Teres | Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna | Lateral aspect of radius at its midpoint | Median (C6,C7) | Forearm pronation, assistive in elbow flexion |
| Pronator Quadratus | Distal one-fourth of ulna | Distal one-fourth of radius | Median (C8,T1) | Forearm pronation |
| Supinator | Lateral epicondyle of humerus and adjacent ulna | Anterior surface of the proximal radius | Radial (C6) | Forearm supination |
| Flexor Carpi Ulnaris | Medial epicondyle of Humerus | Pisiform and base of fifth metacarpal | Ulnar (C8,T1) | Wrist flexion, Ulnar deviation |
| Flexor Carpi Radialis | Medial epicondyle of the humerus | Base of second and third metacarpals | Median (C6,C7) | Wrist flexion, Radial deviation |
| Palmaris Longus | Medial epicondyle of humerus | Palmar fascia | Median (C6,C7) | Assistive in wrist flexion |
| Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus | Supracondylar ridge of humerus | Base of second metacarpal | Radial (C6,C7) | Wrist extension, Radial deviation |
| Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis | Lateral epicondyle of humerus | Base of third metacarpal | Radial (C6,C7) | Wrist extension |
| Extensor Carpi Ulnaris | Lateral epicondyle of humerus | Base of fifth metacarpal | Radial (C6,C7,C8) | Wrist extension, Ulnar deviation |
| Flexor Digitorum Superficialis | Common flexor tendon, coronoid process and radius | Sides of the middle phalanx of the four fingers | Median (C7,C8,T1) | Flexes the MCP and PIP joints of the fingers |
| Flexor Digitorum Profundus | Upper three-fourths of the ulna | Distal phalanx of the four fingers | Median and Ulna (C8,T1) | Fleces all three joints of the fingers |
| Extensor Digitorum | Lateral epicondyle of the humerus | Base of distal phalanx of the second thur fifth fingers | Radial (C6,C7,C8) | Extends all three joints of the fingers |
| Extensor Indicis | Disatl ulna | Base of distal phalanx of the second finger | Radial (C6,C7,C8) | Extends all three joints of the second finger |
| Extensor Digits Minimi | Lateral epicondyle of humerus | Base of distal phalanx of fifth finger | Radial (C6,C7,C8) | Extends all three joints of fifth finger |
| Flexor Pollicis | Radius, anterior surface | Distal phalanx of thumb | Median (C8,T1) | Flexes all three joints of the thumb |
| Abductor Pollicis Longus | Posterior radius, interosseous membrane, middle ulna | Base of the first metacarpal | Radial | Abducts thumb |
| Extensor Pollicis Brevis | Posterior distal radius | Base of the proximal phalanx of thumb | Radial (C6,C7) | Extends CMC and MCP joints of thumb |
| Extensor Pollicis Longus | Middle posterior ulna and interosseous membrane | Base of distal phalanx of thumb | Radial (C6,C7,C8) | Extends all three joints of the thumb |
| Flexor Pollicis Brevis | Trapezium and flexor retinaculum | Proximal phalanx | Median (C6,C7) | Flexes the CMC and MCP joints of the thumb |
| Abductor Pollicis Brevis | Scaphoid, trapezium and flexor retinaculum | Proximal phalanx | Medial (C6,C7) | Abducts the thumb |
| Opponens Pollicis | Trapezium and flexor retinaculum | First metacarpal | Median (C6,C7) | Opposes the thumb |
| Adductor Pollicis | Capitate, base of the second metacarpal, palmar surface of the third metacarpal | Base of proximal phalanx of thumb | Ulnar (C8,T1) | Adducts thumb |
| Flexor Digiti Minimi | Hamate and Flexor retinaculum | Base of proximal phalanx of the fifth finger | Ulnar (C8,T1) | Flexes CMC and MCP joints of the fifth finger |
| Abductor Digiti Minimi | Pisiform and tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris | Proximal phalanx of the fifth finger | Ulnar (C8,T1) | Abducts the MCP joint of the fifth finger |
| Opponens Digiti Minimi | Hamate and flexor retinaculum | Fifth metacarpal | Ulnar (C8,T1) | Opposes the fifth finger |
| Dorsal Interossei | Adjacent metacarpals | Base of proximal phalanx | Ulnar (C8,T1) | Abduct fingers at MCP joint |
| Palmar Interossei | Respective metacarpal | Base of respective proximal phalanx | Ulnar (C8,T1) | Adduct fingers at MCP joint |
| Lumbrical | Tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle | Tendon of the extensor digitorum muscle | First and Second lumbricales: Medial. Third and fourth lumbricales: Ulnar (C6,C7,C8) | Flex the MCP joint while extending the PIP and DIP joints |
| Upper Trapezius | Occipital bone, nuchal ligament on cervical processed | Outer third of clavicle, Acromion process | CNXI, C3 & C4(S) | Scapular elevation and upward rotation |
| Middle Trapezius | Spinous processes of C7 Through T3 | Scapular spine | CNXI, C3 & C4(S) | Scapular retraction |
| Lower Trapezius | Spinous process of middle and lower thoracic vertebrae | Base of scapular spine | CNXI, C3 & C4(S) | Scapular depression and upper rotation |
Created by:
RLPTA
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