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Geology Test
all questions!
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| If water is being withdrawn from the ground faster than it is being replinished, what will happen? | The water table will lower. |
| Most groundwater in Texas (79.4%) is used for __________. | Irrigation |
| Lowering the water table in a coastal area by 2' would cause the saltwater to rise approximately _______. | 80' |
| According to your text, in parts of the San Joaquin Valley, ___________ has been a major concern regarding groundwater withdrawl. | subsidence |
| If a road cuts into a hillside, where is a mass wasting event most likely to be generated? | above the road. |
| A talus slope would most liely be associated with what type of mass wasting event? | rock fall |
| A rotational slide is called a ________. | slump |
| A lahar is a __________________________________. | mudflow generated by volcanic ash and water mixing. |
| A very slow mass wasting process that often occurs in regions of permafrost is called ___________. | solifluction |
| Curved tree trunks, tilted fence posts, and tilted utility posts are indications that what is occuring in an area? | creep |
| If a stream were 300' wide, and 50' deep, and the water was flowing at 2fps, what is the streams discharge? | 30,000fps |
| Melting of the glaciers on earth today would cause a major _____ in global sea level. | rise |
| Valley glaciers move slower at their base than on their sides due to ______________________. | the increased frictional resistance at those locations. |
| Glaciers flow from the zone of accumulation into the zone of _______. | wastage. |
| Glaciers erode fractured rock by a process called _______. | plucking |
| The largest river (with the greatest discharge) in the world is the ________. | Amazon |
| In North America the largest river system is the ______________. | Mississippi |
| A stream typically handles an increase in discharge by ____________________________. | Increasing the flow velocity, increasing water depth, and increasing the stream width. |
| The gradient of a stream typically ______ as you move from the head of the stream toward the mouth of the stream. | decreases |
| Which channel feature would allow water to flow with less frictional resistance (a higher velocity) than it's counterpart?a. a shallow, wide channel rather than a semi-circular shaped channel.b. a rough channel full of larger boulders rather than a smooth | c. a large channel rather than a small channel |
| The Bosque River and Brazos River meet in the town of Waco. Where they join together is the end of the Bosque. Below where the two rivers join together is sinply the Brazos, The Bosque would be known as a ________ of the Brazos. | tributary |
| A tenth order stream forms when a ninth order stream is joined by a _______ order stream. | ninth |
| Natural levees are built up by ______ deposits over many years. | flood |
| This forms from a meander loop that is cut off from the main channel, is located in the floodplain of a stream, and typically has a U shape. | Oxbow Lake |
| Where would you most likely find a yazoo stream? | In a floodplain. |
| Rejuvination of a meandering stream may allow it to cut deep into it's channel forming ______ meanders. | incised |
| A stream's bedload includes gravel that rolls and slides along the channel's bottom, plus ____________________________________. | saltating grains, suspended sediment, and dissolved solids. |
| The ______ load typically makes the water muddy. | suspended |
| The _______ load is invisable. | dissovled |
| The continental divide of North America runs down the heart of the _____________ Mountains. | Rocky |
| Any stream deposited sediment is called ________. | alluvium |
| In arid reagions an _________________ develops at the mouth of a mountain valley. | alluvial fan |
| A glacially sculpted RIDGE is called ________. | an arete |
| A bowl shaped deppression formed at the head of a valley glavier is called a ________. | cirque |
| A hanging valley would most likely be the result of _____________. | A small valley glacier converging with a large valley glacier. |
| A _________ is an asymmetrical hill formed by glacial abrasion on the gentle slope, and glacial plucking on the steeper slope. | roche mouton nee. |
| Distributary channels would most likely be found where? | on a delta |
| A _______ stream originated above the rock it cuts through. | superposed |
| In a hundred year flood plain there is a _____% chance that area will be flooded each year. | 1 |
| There is a ___% chance of flooding each year in a 20 year flood plain. | 5 |
| True or false, Urbanization promotes flooding because it limits infiltration and allows for more runoff to enter a stream more quickly. | True |
| _____ help control flooding downstream, contain water that may be used for irrigation, recreation, or other needs, and may be designed to generate electricity when water is released. | Dams |
| A Levee helps prevent flooding in the immediate area, but may promote flooding ______. | downstream. |
| Where is our largest source of readily avaliable fresh water found? | in the ground. |
| The _________ is the boundary betweein the zone of saturation and the zone of aeration. | water table |
| The water table is typically: | a subdued replica of the topagraphy. |
| The property of rock or sediment that determines the ease of ground water flow is referred to as __________ | permeability, |
| Mass wasting is the down slope movement of earth materials due primarily to the influence of ________. | gravity. |
| The accumulation of material built up along a cliff face from rock falls is referred to as a _______ slope. | talus |
| A slide is much more likely to occur if planes of weakness are priented _______ to the slope of the land. | parralel. |
| Most mass wasting events happen during the wet season of the year, because water ______________________________. | adds weight, lubricates, and creates hydrostatic pressure when saturated. |
| A good aquifer should be ____________________. | pourus and permeable |
| A common sedimentary rock that generally hinders the flow of groundwater and acts as an aquitard is __________. | shale |
| If some sandstone with 20% porosity is cut into a 10" x 10" x 10" cube, how much water (in cubic inches) could it hold when saturated. | 200 |
| The Ogallala is a major aquifer in what area of Texas? | the Panhandle |
| A perched water table would be found _________ the regional water table. | above |
| When the groundwater table intersects the earth's surface it produces __________. | a spring |
| A common sedimentary rock formed by chemical precipitation from spring water is ____________. | travertine |
| Old Faithful is perhaps the most famous geyser in North America, if not the world. It is located in what national part? | Yellowstone |
| A cone of depression typically forms ______________. | as groundwater is being pumped from the well. |
| A stream cannot cut below its _____________. | base level |
| The requirements to produce a pressurized aquifer include : | 1, the aquifer must be confined with aquitards above and below.2, the aquifer must have an incline to it.3, the aquifer must have a recharge area in it's higher elevation. |
| A narrow river vally typically has a ____________. | deep V shaped profile. |
| Potholes are direct evidence that _________________________________. | downcutting has been occuring in the stream. |
| When a stream channel changes direction, water flows __________ outside of the bend, | faster |
| The outside of a bend in a laterally migrating stream channel is called the ________. | cutbank |
| The inside of a bend in a laterally migrating stream channel is called the ________. | point bar |
| True or False. If the land elevation is higher than the pressure surface at a well site, drilling into the aquifer will form a flowing artesian well. | False, the land elevation must be higher. |
| Sinkholes, dissapearing streams, and caverns in the subsurface are not typical in regions with _____________. | Karst topography |
| Karst topography generaly develops in regions of ________________ rock. | limestone |
| Soda straws may become clogged and grow into ice cycle shaped cave formations known as ________________. | stalactites |
| Most speleothems are composed of the rock ______________. | travertine |
| A glacier forms from the recrystalization of ________. | snow |
| All glaceiers from _______. | on land |
| Stones carried at the base of a glacier may grind down the bedrock in a process called _________. | abrasion. |
| The fine grit in glaciers grinds bedrock down to a smooth surface called glacial __________. | polish |
| Small scratches in bedrock produced by stones grinding into the bedrock are termsed glacial _________. | striations |
| Finely ground up rock produced from glacial action is called _________. | rock flour |
| The largest ice sheet on eaerth today is on ____________. | Antartica |
| Isostatic rebound is most likely to occur ___________. | after an ice sheet has melted. |
| A mountain PEAK carved by glaciers is called __________. | a horn |
| A glacially carved valley is typically _____ shaped | U |
| A fjord would most likely by found today ___________________________. | along the coast of Alaska |
| The Brazos and Trinity Rivers drain directly into the ______________________. | Gulf of Mexico |
| The most common drainage pattern, _________________, develops on hard, crystalline rocks, or flat-lying sedimentary rocks. | dendritic |
| Trellis drainage patrerns would typically develop ______________________________. | in a region with parralell hills and valleys. |
| ________ streams tend to develop in areas where an abundance of bedload is deposited within the stream channel. | Braided |
| If ice is being added to a glacier at the same rate a glacier is melting, the snout of the glacier will stay in one location. However, if the ice melts faster, the snout retreats, and if the ice melts slower the snout advances. These statements deal with | budget. |
| Sediment deposited directly by glacial ice is referred to as _____. | till |
| All glacially deposited sediments that has a wide variety of particle sizes is therefore ____________. | poorly sorted |
| An end moraine will tend to build up at the snout of a glacier during a time when the snout is ______________. | stationary. |
| The outter most end morraine that shows the maximum advance of the glacier is called the _____________. | terminal |
| When two valley glaciers merge, two of the side moraines converge and are streaked out into the new larger glacier in what is called a ___________ morraine. | medial |
| A teardrop shaped hill of reworked till is called a _________. | drumlin |
| A basin created by the build up of stratified drift around a mass of ice is called a _____________. | kettle |
| A sinuous ridge of stratified drift is called ______________. | an esker |
| The last ice age is known as the ____________ Epoch of geologic time. | Pleistocene |
| Lake Bonneville was a pluvial lake during the last ice age. Today a small remnant of the lake still exists as ________________. | the Great Salt Lake. |
Created by:
whitnye
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