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AP Lang Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| commenting on or against an opponent undermining the person rather than the arguments | ad hominem |
| a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral, political, and philosophical one | allegory |
| the occurrence of the same letter or the sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words | alliteration |
| passing reference to a literary or historical person, place, event or other literary work | allusion |
| uncertainty or inexactness of meaning in language, vagueness | ambiguity |
| a thing belonging to or appropriate to a period other than in which it exists | anachronism |
| last word of the previous sentence is repeated at the beginning of the next sentence, shows focus of sentence | anadiplosis |
| a comparison that explains one thing by comparing it to something more familiar | analogy |
| repetition of a word or words at the beginning of two or more clauses in a row | anaphora |
| a word, phrase, or clauses that is replaced by a pronoun or substitute | antecedent |
| a statement of truth or opinion expressed in a concise and witty manner | aphorism |
| expresses doubt about an idea or conclusion (often pretended) | aporia |
| stopping abruptly and leaving a statement unfinished because of rising emotion or excitement | aposiopesis |
| a phrase that follows a noun in order to rename it or describe it in another way | appositive |
| someone absent, dead, or nonhuman is addressed as if it were alive and present and could reply | apostrophe |
| the repetition of the sound of a vowel within phrases or sentences to help set mood | assonance |
| omission of conjunctions between parts of words, phrases and clauses | asyndeton |
| one is the feeling of the literature of one section and the other is the overall feeling of the whole piece of literature | atmosphere vs. mood |
| the author's tone towards the subject they are writing about, the author's favorable or unfavorable evaluations, is interchangeable with tone | attitude |
| the group of people that the work is addressed to and created for | audience |
| flashback in time, flashforward in time | analepsis vs. prolepsis |
| approved or traditional collection of works | canon (literary and fiction) |
| having within itself the purpose of its existence or happening | autotelic |
| writer overdoes it turning passionate into trivial and ridiculous, insincere pathos | bathos |
| fallacy where a claim is based on evidence or support that's in doubt | begging the question |
| strong phrasal pause falls within a line, marked by a pair of vertical lines | caesura |
| purging of emotions or relieving of emotional tensions | catharsis |
| sequence of two parallel clauses that have a reverse order of corresponding words | chiasmus |
| construction containing a subject doing a verb (independent and dependent types) | clause |
| expression that deviates enough from ordinary usage but has been used so often it has lost originality | cliche |
| more appropriate to ordinary conversation than for formal essays or writing | colloquial/colloquialism |
| one looks for the similarities and the other looks for differences | comparison and contrast |
| figure of speech that develops striking parallel between two unlikely metaphors, similes, hyperboles, or oxymorons | conceit |
| one is the literal dictionary definition of a word and the other is the feelings that the word suggest and implies | connotation/denotation |
| one uses a rule to develop specific examples and the other uses examples to develop a rule | deductive/inductive reasoning |
| the types of words, phrases, sentence structure, and figurative language an author uses and the meaning behind their choices | diction |
| intended to give instruction or to convince the reader of a point or lesson one allows reader to learn lesson and the other directly tells about the lesson | didactic vs. pedantic |
| two solutions are presented to a problem but one is obviously better than the other | either/or fallacy |
| three periods indicating a pause in the sentence | ellipses |
| long verse narrative on a serious subject in elevated language that highlights a hero and how they determine someone's fate | epic |
| statement, in verse or prose, that is witty and pointed expressed in an abrupt matter | epigram |
| short quotation or saying at the beginning of a book or chapter, intended to suggest its theme | epigraph |
| sudden flare into revelation of an ordinary object or scene | epiphany |
| a novel that takes the form of a series of letters- either written by one or several characters | epistolary novel |
| short, poetic nickname often in the form of an adjective or adjectival phrase attached to a normal name | epithet |
| uninterrupted repetition or repetition with one or two words in between | epizeuxis |
| use of a mild, gentle phrase instead of a blunt, embarrassing one, indirect use of words, use of many words when fewer would do | euphemism/periphrasis/circumlocation |
| use of discussion to to explain or summarize background material rather than revealing it through narrative detail | exposition/setting |
| deviation from normal language to in order to achieve a special meaning or effect | figurative language |
| patterns of words or letters in a sentence or twisting the meaning of words used for rhetorical effect | figure of speech |
| inserting one or more small stories within the body of a larger story | frame story |
| an idea is either accepted or rejected because of its source, rather than the idea's actual merit | genetic fallacy |
| type or category of literature or film marked by certain shared features or conventions | genre/generic conventions |
| sermon or short exhortatory work to be read before a group of listeners in order to instruct them spiritually or morally | homily |
| bold overstatement, exaggeration of fact or possibility | hyperbole |
| one is where clauses in sentences are subordinate to each other and the other is where all the clauses have the same effect | hypotactic/paratactic sentence |
| "mental pictures" that readers experience with a passage of literature | image/imagery |
| using context clues to find out about something the author doesn't tell the audience, based on experience | inference/infer |
| denunciation of a person by the use of derogatory epithets | invective |
| inverted order of words or events to create a rhetorical scheme (deals with word order, syntax, letters, and sounds) | inversion |
| sarcasm, speaker makes a statement in which its actual meaning differs sharply from the meaning the words express | verbal irony |
| accidental events occur that seem oddly appropriate | situational irony |
| involves a situation in a narrative in which the readers know something about present or future circumstances that the character doesn't know | dramatic irony |
| naive narrator whose view of the world differs widely from true circumstances | structural irony |
| creating an illusion of reality but then the illusion is destroyed by the author saying they've been making up the story along the way | romantic irony |
| stance assumed by a teacher who pretends to be ignorant so that their students will think | socratic irony |
| potentially confusing words and phrases used by a particular occupation, trade, or field of study | jargon |
| drawing a conclusion without taking the needed time to reason through the argument | jumping to a conclusion |
| a coarse or crude satire ridiculing the appearance or character of another person | lampoon |
| passage, story, or text that is meant primarily as a factual account of a real historical event rather than a metaphorical expression Most obvious/ non figurative sense | literal |
| question that contains a controversial or unjustified assumption of guilt | loaded questions |
| comparison stated in such a way as to imply that one subject is figuratively another one | metaphor |
| the literal term for one thing is applied to another with which it has become closely associated because of a recurrent relationship | metonymy |
| the tools of the story teller to make the story more appealing and keeps the audience engaged | narrative devices |
| the conclusion to a claim doesn't relate or make sense to the evidence presented | non-sequitur |
| extended fictional prose narrative longer than a short story but shorter than a novel | novella |
| based upon measurable facts or based upon personal opinions and assumptions | objectivity vs. subjectivity |
| use of sounds that are similar to the noise they represent for rhetorical effect | onomatopoeia |
| using contradiction in a manner that oddly makes sense, usually a use of two contradicting terms | oxymoron |
| story or short narrative designed to reveal allegorically a religious principle, moral lesson, psychological reality, or general truth | parable |
| using contradiction to make sense of an idea, usually a sentence | paradox |
| brief restatement in one's own words of all or part of a literary work as opposed to quotation | paraphrase |
| writer establishes similar patterns of grammatical structure and length | parallel construction/parallelism |
| imitates the serious manner and characteristic features of a literary work in order to make fun of those features | parody |
| long sentence that doesn't seem grammatically complete until the end, sentence that can be cut off at a point and still make sense | periodic/loose sentence |
| external representation of oneself that might not accurately describe the person's inner self | persona |
| abstractions, animals, and inanimate objects are given human character and traits | personification |
| trying to convince someone to take a particular position or to take a certain action | persuasion/persuasive essay |
| the way a story gets told and who tells it | point of view |
| proposition upon which an argument is based or from which a conclusion is drawn | premise |
| material that is not written in regular meter like poetry | prose |
| fictitious name that a writer employs to conceal his or her identity | pseudonym |
| views the work as something which is constructed in order to achieve certain effects on the audience, study of the success in doing so | pragmatic analysis |
| literary work that stands free from outside relations and the work is a self-sufficient product and can be analyzed by its complexity, coherence, and equilibrium | objective analysis |
| views the literary work as an imitation, reflection, or representation of the world and human life, "truth" of the representation to the subject it represents | mimetic analysis |
| defines poetry as an expression or utterance of feelings of its author, judges the work on sincerity or the adequacy to portray the author's vision | expressive analysis |
| irrelevant topic is introduced in an argument to divert attention from the original issue | red herring |
| art of persuasive argument through writing or speech- eloquent and charismatic language | rhetoric |
| purpose is to explain, inform, and describe | mode: exposition |
| prove the validity of an idea or point of view by presenting sound reasoning and discussion | mode: argumentation |
| re-create, invent, or visually present a person, place, event, or action so the reader can picture it | mode: description |
| tell a story or tell of an event or series of events, sequencing or putting details in logical order | mode: narration |
| way or method of presenting a subject through writing or speech | rhetorical mode |
| studies concerned with defining, classifying, analyzing, interpreting, and evaluating literature | literary analysis |
Created by:
kayleenamimoto
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