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Pharm Quiz 2
Pharmacology Chapter 4 Quiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what autonomic drugs produce xerostomia? | anticholinergic |
| what do autonomic drugs used in dentistry do? (adverse effects) | vasocontrictors, increase salivary flow |
| what other drugs have similar effects to autonomic drugs? | antidepressants and antipsychotics |
| what are some body functions regulated by the autonomic nervous system? | blood pressure, heart rate, GI motility, salivary gland secretions, bronchial smooth muscle |
| what are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system? | sympathetic nervous system (fight or slight) parasympathetic nervous system (rest and digest) |
| what are fibers found in both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system | afferent (sensory), central integrating areas, efferent (peripheral) motor, postganglionic motor fibers |
| where are the cell bodies originating from in the parasympathetic nervous system? | cranial nerve 3, 7, 9, 10 as well as S2-S4 segments of the spinal cord |
| where are the cell bodies originating from in the sympathetic nervous system? | T1-L2 |
| what innervates the adrenal medulla? | sympathetic preganglionic fibers |
| what does the adrenal medulla release? | epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| what is mydriasis and which autonomic system causes it | dilation of pupil size sympathetic |
| what is miosis and which autonomic system causes it | constriction of public size parasympathetic |
| what are neurotransmitters | chemicals released across the synaptic cleft in response to the nerve action potential to interact with receptors |
| what are the events of neurotransmitters | synthesis, storage, release, receptor interaction, disposition |
| what are cholinergic nerves? | release acetylcholine also stimulated by nicotine |
| in the parasympathetic nervous system, what neurotransmitter is release from the postganglionic nerve ending? | acetylcholine or muscarine |
| in the sympathetic nervous system what neurotransmitter is released from the postganglionic nerve ending | norepinephrine |
| what is a drug that acts at the location where acetylcholine is released as the neurotransmitter | cholinergic |
| what is a drug that acts at the location where norepinephrine is the neurotransmitter | adrenergic |
| what is a drug that acts at the location where parasympathetic autonomic nervous system acts | parasympatho |
| what is a drug that acts at the location where the sympathetic autonomic nervous system acts | sympatho |
| what is a drug that acts at the location where a division of the autonomic nervous system acts and produces the same effect as the neurotransmitter | mimetic |
| mimetic drug is also know as a... | agonist |
| what is a drug that acts at the location where a division of the autonomic nervous system acts and blocks the action of the neurotramitter | lyticl blocker |
| lyticl blocker is also know as... | antagonist |
| what is chronotropic? | time or rate |
| what is inotropic | contractility |
| what are the cholinergic effects on the cardiovascular system | decrease blood pressure and cardiac output bradycardia |
| cholinergic effects on the GI tract | smooth muscle and GI tract excitation increase in GI motility and activity and secretion |
| what is the term for when the eye becomes focused for distance and near vision is blurred | cycloplegia |
| what are the cholinergic effects on the eyes? | cycloplegia, decreased intra ocular pressure |
| what are the adverse reactions of cholinergic agents | SLUD (salivation, lacrimation, urination and defecation) increase neuromuscular paralysis |
| what are the two insecticides that are cholinesterase inhibitors? | pralidoxime and atropine |
| when do you NOT want to use cholenergic agents? | bronchial asthma, hyperthyroidism, GI or UT tract obstruction, severe cardia disease, myasthenia gravis, peptic ulcer |
| when do you want to use cholenergic agents? | glucoma, myasthenia gravis, urinary retention after surgery, pilocarpine, edrophonium |
| what are the effects of anticholinergic agents on central nervous system | stimulation or depression depending on dosage |
| what is the anticholinergic sedation agent in therapeutic doses | scopolamine |
| what is the anticholinergic stimulation agent in creased doses | atropine |
| what is the effects of anticholinergic agents on exocrine glands | decreased flow, decreased volume of secretions decreased salivary flow, increase dry field of vision |
| what are the anticholinergic agent effects on muscles | smooth muscle relaxation, muscles in repiratory and GI tracts |
| what is used in the case of asthma and is an anticholinergic agent | ipratropium |
| what is the eye effects when using anticholinergic agents | mydriasis and cyclolegia |
| what is the cardiovascular effects of anticholinergic agents? | tachycardia in large therapeutic doses bradycardia in small doses |
| what are the adverse reactions of anticholienrgic | xerostomia, blurred vision, phtophobia, tachycardia, fever, urinary stasis, GI stasis, hyperpyrexia: hot, dry flushed skin |
| when do you not want to use anticholinergic agents? | glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, intestinal or urinary obstruction or retention, cardiovascular disease |
| what are the effects on nicotine | decreased doses produce stimulation, increased doses produces paralysis increased heart rate, increase GI motility and secretions reduces blood flow the extremities |
| what are the direct acting sympathetic drugs | epinephrine, norepinephrine and isoproterenol produce their effects directly on receptor site by stimulating receptor |
| what are the indirect acting sympathetic drugs | amphetamines: release norepinephrine which then produces response |
| what are the mixed drugs of sympathetic nervous system | ephedrine stimulates directly or releases norepinephrine which then causes response |
| what are alpha receptors in the sympathetic nervous system | skin and skeletal muscles smooth muscle excitation, contraction leading to vasoconstriction |
| what are the beta receptors in the sympathetic nervous system | beta 1 act on heart: increase inotropic and chronotropic effects beta 2 act on lungs: smooth muscle relaxation leading to vasodilation, bronchodilation |
| what are adrenergic sympathomimetic agents used for | treatment of anaphylaxis, asthma and added to prolong vasoconstrictor actions in local anesthesia |
| what are the effects on salivary glands for adrenergic sympathomimetic effectors | submaxillary and sublingual glands release a small amount of viscous saliva parotid gland: reduces resulting in xerostomia |
| what are the adverse reactions of adrenergic drugs | anxiety, tremors, palpitations, arrhythmias, increased blood pressure, |
| what are the uses for sympathomimetic agents | vasoconstriction causes prolonged action, hemostasis, and decongestion |
| what conditions are adrenergic agents used for | cardiac arrest, emphysema, ADD and narcolepsy |
| what is epinephrine used for? | asthma and anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest cases place in amber colored containers because light deteriorates it |
| what is phenylephrine used for? | vasocontriction in cutaneous vessels, mydriatic used in nose sprays to decrease congestion |
| what is levonordefrin used for? | vasoconstrictor added to local anesthesia effects resemble alpha receptor stimulation |
| what is isoproterenol used for? | beta receptors action no longer used to treat bronchial asthma |
| what are ephedrine and pseudo ephedrine used for? | alpha and beta activity, common colds and allergies can cause insomnia and nervousness |
| what are dopamine's used for | treatment of shock, alpha and beta agonist |
| what is dipivefrin used for | glaucoma, produces mydriasis chronic, open angle glaucoma |
| what is used to treat Raynaud's syndrome? | phenocybenxamine and phentolamine can also diagnose phenochromocytoma |
| what do alpha adrenergic blocking agents cause? | decrease in sympathetic tone in blood vessels leading to decrease in blood pressure which produces tachycadia |
| what is pheochromocytoma? | tumor of the adrenal gland can cause anxiety, nausea, tremors, abdominal pain, weight loss |
| what does the suffix -olol usually indicate | beta blocker |
| what do beta adrenergic blocking agents usually cause | produce bradycardia and possible bronchoconstriction used in the treatment of arrythmias, angina and decrease blood pressure and migraines |
| what does propranolol cause | decrease inotropic and chronotropic effects bronchocontrictions and hypoglycemia |
| what is labetolol? | alpha and a beta blocker treatment of hypertension produces a decrease in blood pressure without reflex tachycardia |
| what do neuromuscular blocking drugs | affects transmission between the motor nerve endings and the nicotinic receptors on the skeletal muscles |
| what is curare? | neuromuscular blocking drug loss of diaphragmatic |
| what causes muscle fasciculations followed by paralysis | succinylcholine |
| what does succinylcholine and halothane treat | hyperthermia |
| what can succinylcholine produce | hyperkalemia, cardia arrhythmias, increased intraoccular pressure |
| what is the drug used for malignant hyperthermia? | Dantrolene |
| what are the effects of dantrolene | bleeding, muscle aches, muscle rigidity, stiffness, quick rise in body temperature, dark brown urine |
Created by:
Chobchi
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