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Monahan - Ch. One

Major Organs and Their Functions

TermDefinition
salivary glands secrete saliva
esophagus food chute, pushes chewed food into stomach via peristalsis
stomach chemically and mechanically digests food
small intestine chemical digestion of food and nutrient absorption
large intestine (colon) absorption of water
rectum stores feces
anus expels feces
liver produces bile, creates urea, and detoxifies blood
pancreas produces digestive juices and insulin
heart pumps blood to/from lungs and to/from body
arteries blood vessels that carry blood away from heart
veins blood vessels that carry blood to the heart
capillaries thin,smallest bloood vessels that allow diffusion of gases and nutrients between cells and vessel
pharynx back of throat (part of respiratory and digestive systems)
larynx voice box
trachea windpipe that carries oxygen and carbon dioxide to/from lungs
bronchi branches from trachea that lead into right and left lungs
bronchioles smaller branches off of the bronchi
lungs made of millions of alveoli = thin-walled air sacs where diffusion of gases takes place
kidneys create urine from your blood by filtration and absorption
ureters carry urine from kidneys to bladder
urinary bladder stores urine, able to expand and contract
urethra expels urine from bladder
brain in charge of every bodily function
spinal cord connects brain to rest of body
nerve carries information to/from spinal cord
testes produces sperm and testosterone in males
ovaries maturation of eggs and estrogen production in females
adrenal glands produces cortisol, adrenaline (sit superior to kidneys)
pituitary gland master endocrine gland (dangles from brain)
Created by: smonahan
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