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USMLE
New FA Micro 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Weil-Felix reaction? | classic test that uses cross-linking proteus antigens to confirm diagnosis of rickettsia |
| strep associated with pharyngitis, cellulitis, impetigo, scarlet fever, TSS, rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis? | strep pyogenes (group A beta hemolytic) |
| characteristics of rheumatic fever? | subcutaneous nodules, erythema marginatum, chorea, carditis |
| tumbling motility, menigitis in newborns, unpasteurized milk | listeria monocytogenes |
| virulence factor of staph aureus? | protein A |
| what does c. difficile produce? | a cytotoxin, an exotoxin that kills enterocytes, causing pseudomembranous colitis |
| what encodes the exotoxin of corynebacterium diphtheriae? | beta-prophage |
| gram-positive rods with metachromatic granules? | corynebacterium diphtheriae |
| vesicular papules covered y black eschar | bacillus anthracis |
| what part of gram-negative bugs inhibits entry of penicillin and vancomycin? | the outer membrane layer |
| this vaccine contains type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diphtheria toxoid or other protein | h. flu |
| flagellar antigen of enterobacter? | H antigen |
| somatic antigen of enterobacter? | O antigen (polysaccharide of endotoxin) |
| viruses causing watery diarrhea? | rotavirus, adenovirus, norwalk virus |
| pertussis toxin permanently disables what? | Gi |
| cholera toxin permanently activates what? | Gs |
| how does pertussis toxin promote lymphocytosis? | by inhibiting chemokine receptors |
| treatment of choice for most rickettsial infections? | tetracycline |
| classic triad of rickettsiae? | headache, fever, rash (vasculitis) |
| rickettsiae are obligate intracellular parasites and need what? | CoA and NAD |
| all rickettsiae except what are transmitted by an arthropod vector and cause headache, fever, and rash? | coxiella |
| why is coxiella an atypical rickettsia? | because it is transmitted by aerosol and causes pneumonia |
| what causes rocky mountain spotted fever? to where is it endemic? | rickettsia rickettsii; endemic to east coast |
| vector for rocky mountain spotted fever? | tick; rickettsia rickettsii |
| vector for endemic typhus? | fleas; rickettsia typhi |
| vector for epidemic typhus? | human body louse; rickettsia prowazekii |
| what causes Q fever? | coxiella burnetii |
| rickettsial disease with no rash, no vector, negative Wiel-Felix, and casative organism can survive outside for a long time | coxiella burnetii |
| what does the Weil-Felix reaction assay for? | antirickettsial antibodies, which cross-react with proteus antigen |
| what is the only bacterial membrane containing cholesterol? | mycoplasma pneumoniae |
| growth on Eaton's agar? | mycoplasma pneumoniae |
| normal flora dominant in nose | staph aureus |
| normal flora dominant in skin | staph epidermidis |
| normal flora dominant in oropharynx | strep viridans |
| normal flora dominant in dental plaque | strep mutans |
| normal flora dominant in colon | bacteriodes fragilis > e. coli |
| normal flora dominant in vagina | lactobacillus, colonized by e. coli and group B strep |
| common causes of pneumonia in kids (6 wks. - 18 yrs) | viruses (RSV), mycoplasma, chlamydia pneumoniae, strep pneumo |
| common causes of pneumonia in adults (18-40) | mycoplasma, c. pneumoniae, strep pneumo |
| common causes of pneumonia in adults (40-65) | strep pneumo, H. flu, anaerobes, viruses, mycoplasma |
| common causes of pneumonia in elderly | strep pneumo, viruses, anaerobes, H. flu, gram negative rods |
| common causes of pneumonia in nosocomial | staph, gram-negative rods |
| common causes of pneumonia in immunocomprimised | staph, gram-negative rods, fungi, viruses, PCP (HIV) |
| common causes of pneumonia in aspiration | anaerobes |
| common causes of pneumonia in alcoholic/IV drug user | strep pneumo, klebsiella, staph |
| common causes of pneumonia in postviral | staph, h. flu |
| common causes of pneumonia in neonate | group B strep, e. coli |
| common causes of atypical pneumonia | mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia |
| causes of meningitis in newborn (0-6 mos) | group B strep, e. coli, listeria |
| causes of meningitis in children (6 mos - 6 yrs) | strep pneumo, neisseria meningitidis, H. flu B, enteroviruses |
| causes of meningitis in 6-60 year olds | n. meningitidis, enteroviruses, strep pneumo, HSV |
| causes of meningitis in elderly (over 60) | strep pneumo, gram negative rods, listeria |
| causes of meningitis in HIV | cryptococcus, CMV, toxoplasmosis (brain abscess), JC virus (PML) |
| CSF findings in bacterial meningitis | increased pressure, increased NEUTROPHILS, increased protein, decreased sugar |
| CSF findings in fungal/TB meningitis | increased pressure, increased LYMPHOCYTES, increased protein, decreased sugar |
| CSF findings in viral meningitis | normal/increased pressure, increased lymphocytes, NORMAL protein, NORMAL, sugar |
| cause of osteomyelitis in most people | staph aureus |
| cause of osteomyelitis in sexually active | neisseria gonorrhoeae (rare), septic arthritis more common |
| cause of osteomyelitis in diabetics and drug addicts | pseudomonas |
| cause of osteomyelitis in sickle cell | salmonella |
| cause of osteomyelitis in prosthetic replacement | staph aureus and staph epidermidis |
| cause of vertebral osteomyelitis | TB (Pott's disease) |
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Asclepius
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