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2014 AP Comp. Part 2
Part 2 of AP composition summer assignment
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| alliteration | the beginning of two or more stressed syllables of a word group either with the same consonant sound or sound group as in from stem to stem. |
| euphony | pleasing effect to the ear. |
| assonance | resemblance of sounds. |
| metaphor | a figure of speech in which a term or phrase is applied to something to which it is not literally applicable in order to suggest a resemblance. |
| personification | the attribution of human nature or character to animals, inanimate objects, or abstract notions, especially as a rhetorical figure. |
| synecdoche | a figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole or the whole for a part, the special for the general for the special. |
| allusion | a passing or casual reference; an incidental mention of something, either directly or by implication. |
| apostrophe | the sign ('), as used: to indicate the omission of one or more letters in a word, whether unpronunced. |
| *polysyndeton | the use of a number of conjunctions in close succession. |
| onomatopoeia | the formation of a word by imitation of a sound made by or associated with its reference. |
| cacophony | harsh discordance (lack of harmony) or sound. |
| consonance | according of agreement. |
| simile | a figure of speech in which two unlikely things are explicitly compared. |
| metonymy | a figure of speech that consists of the use of the name of one object or concept for that of another to which it is related. |
| imagery | the formation of mental images, figures, or likenesses of things, or of such images collectively. |
| analogy | a similarity between like features of two things, on which a comparison may be based. |
| *anaphora | repetition of a word or words at the beginning of two or more successive verses, clauses, or sentences. |
| *asyndeton | the omission of conjunctions. |
| pronoun | any member if a small class of words found in many languages that are used as replacements or substitutions for nouns and noun phrases, and that have a very general reference. |
| independent clause | a sentence having only one clause. |
| complex sentence | a sentence containing one or more dependent clauses in addition to the main clause. |
| loose sentence | a sentence that does not end with the completion of its main clause, but continues with one or more subordinate clauses or other modifiers. |
| abstract noun / abstract language | a noun denoting something immaterial and abstract. |
| antecedent | adjective - preceding; prior. noun - a preceding circumstance, event,object, style, phenomenon. |
| subordinate clause | a clause that modifies the principal clause or some part of it or that serves a noun function in the principal clause. |
| compound sentence | a sentence containing two or more coordinate independent clauses, usually joined by one or more conjunctions, but no dependent clauses. |
| compound - complex sentence | a sentence having two or more coordinate independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. |
| periodic sentence | a sentence that, by leaving the completion of its main clause to the end, produces an effect of suspense. |
| concrete noun / concrete language | a noun denoting something material and non abstract. |
| diction | style of speaking or writing as dependent upon choice of words. |
| denotation | the explicit or direct meaning or set of meanings of a word or expression, as distinguished from the ideas or meanings associated with it or suggested by it. |
| tone | any sound considered with reference to its quality, pitch, strength, source, etc. |
| connotation | the associated or secondary meaning of a word or expression in addition to its explicit or primary meaning. |
| euphemism | the substitution of a mild, indirect, or vague expression for one thought to be offensive, harsh, or blunt. |
| narrative / narrate | -a story or account of events, experiencing, or the like, whether true or fictitious. -to give an account or tell the story of. |
| persuasion / persuade | -the act of persuading or seeking to persuade. -to prevail on to do something, as by advising or urging. |
| description / describe | -a statement, picture in words, or account that describes: descriptive. -to tell or depict in written or spoken words. |
| evaluation / evaluate | -an act or instance of evaluating an appraising. -to determine or set the value or amount of. |
| inductive reasoning | coming to a general conclusion from specific facts. |
| syllogism | an instance of a form of reasoning in which a conclusion is drawn from two given or assumed propositions, each of which shares a term with the conclusion, and shares a common or middle term not present in the conclusion. |
| appeal to pity | a fallacy in which a person substitutes a claim intended to create pity for evidence in an argument. |
| appeal to tradition | a fallacy that occurs when it is assumed that something is better or correct simply because it is older, traditional, or "always been done". |
| guilt by association | guilt ascribed to someone bot because of any evidence but because of their association with an offender. |
| false dilemma | a type of informal fallacy that involves a situation in which limited alternatives are considered, when in fact there is at least on additional option. |
| hasty generalization | an informal fallacy of faulty generalization by reaching an inductive generalization based on insufficient evidence - essentially making a hasty conclusion without considering all of the variables. |
| begging the question | a fallacy in which the premises include the claim that the conclusion is true or assume that the conclusion is true. |
| ad hominen | arising form or appealing to the emotions and not reason or logic. |
| post hoc | occurring or done after the event. |
| bandwagon appeal | a party, cause, movement, etc. that by its mass appeal or strength readily attracts many followers. |
| deductive reasoning | a logical process in which a conclusion drawn from a set of premises contains no more information that the premises taken collectively. |
| logical fallacy | common errors in reasoning that will undermine the logic of your argument. |
| appeal to prejudice | using loaded or emotive terms to attach value or moral goodness to believing the proposition. |
| argument by analogy | a type of inductive reasoning; when past similarities are used to infer some further similarity that has yet to be observed. |
| equivocating | using ambiguous language so as to conceal the truth or avoid committing oneself. |
| slippery slope | an idea or course of action which will lead to something unacceptable, wrong, or disastrous. |
| oversimplification | to simplify to the point of error, distortion, or misrepresentation. |
| red herring | something intended to divert attention from the real problem or matter at hand; a misleading clue. |
| non-sequitur | a interference or a conclusion that does not follow from the premises. |
| straw man | a fabricated or conveniently weak,, or innocuous person, object, matter, etc. used as a seeming adversary or argument. |
| caricature | a picture, description, etc. exaggerating the peculiarities or defects of persons or things. |
| parody | a humorous or satirical imitation of a serious piece of literature or writing. |
| paradox | a statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth. |
| understatment | an actor or an instance of understanding, or representing in a weak or restrained way that is not borne out by facts. |
| *litotes | understatement, especially that in which an affirmative is expressed by the negative of it's contrary, as in "not all bad". |
| satire | the use of irony, sarcasm, ridicule, or the like, in exposing, denouncing, or deriding vice, folly, etc. |
| pun | the humorous use of a word or phrase so as to emphasize or suggest its different meanings or applications, or the use of words that are alike or nearly alike in sound but different on meaning; a play on words. |
| hyperbole | obvious and intentional exaggeration. |
| oxymoron | a figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction. |
| *meiosis | expressive understatement. |
| colloquialism | a characteristic or appropriate to ordinary or familiar conversation rather than formal speech or writing; informal expression. |
| invective | vehement or violent denunciation censure, or reproach. |
| syntax | dictates how words from different parts of speech are put together in order to convey a complete thought. |
| attribution | the act of giving credit to the one it belongs to. |
| split POV | a manner of viewing things; an attitude. |
| conceit | an excessively favorable of ones own ability, importance, wit, etc. |
| juxtaposition | an act or instance of placing close together or side, especially for comparison or contrast. |
| anecdote | a short account of a particular incident or event, especially of an interesting or amusing nature. |
| persona | a person; the characters in a play, novel, etc. |
| aphorism | a tense saying embodying a general truth, or astute observation. |
Created by:
veggymnast
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