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Pharm Unit 4
matching drugs
| Class | Drug | Function | Adverse Effects | Pharmacokinetics | Nurses | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpha 1 Blocking Agent | prazosin/ Minipress | ↓ peripheral resistance, by causing dilation of blood vessels | - orthostatic hypotension | |||
| Calcium Channel Blockers (CCB) | nifedipine/ Procardia | Decreases blood pressure primarily by dilating peripheral vessels | - hypotension | |||
| Thiazides | chlorothiazide/ Diuril | -Inhibits Na reabsorption -Increases K+ excretion | - Low K+ - Low Na - mild hypotension | |||
| LOOP Diuretic | furosemide/ Lasix | -Inhibits Na reabsorption -Increases K+ excretion | - hypokalemia - hyponatremia - mild hypotension | -BP -I&O -S&S side effects -Na -K+ -weight | ||
| Aldosterone Antagonist | K+ sparing | -Increases excretion of Na -Blocks hypokalemia when used with other diuretics | -always give with other diuretic | |||
| Osmotic Diuretic | Mannitol | Increases osmolality of plasma and renal tubular fluids | -IV w/pump and controller | -incr. intracranial pressure -oliguria | ||
| Statins | lorastatin/ Mevacor | •Blocks enzyme required for hepatic synthesis of cholesterol •Reduces LDL cholesterol after 4-6 weeks of therapy | - bloating - flatulence - constipation - dcr absorp. of PO meds | -monitor liver fxn | ||
| Bile Sequestering Agents | cholestyramine/ Questran | •Binds with bile acids in the intestines and is excreted with the feces. Bile acids stimulate the production of cholesterol. •Reduces LDL cholesterol. •Often used with statins to further reduce LDL cholesterol. | ||||
| Fibrates | gemfibrozil/ Loipid | •Decreases production of triglycerides | - GI discomfort - diarrhea - gallstones | |||
| Cardiac Glycoside | dig/ Lanoxin | + inotropic - chronotropic - dromotropic overall effect = incr. CO ; decreased cardiac O2 consumption, due to decr. Cardiac workload | - anorexia - NVD - visual - bradycardia | - loading dose - evry 8 hrs - 36 hr 1/2 life | - apical pulse (<60 MD) - teach pt. radial pulse - monitor K+ and renal - eat K+ food - drug holiday - weigh dly(>5 lbs MD) | |
| Sodium Channel Blocker | Quinidine Sulfate | - chronotropic - inotropic - dromotropic -decreases excitability | - diarrhea | - SR - highly protein bound | ||
| Sodium Channel Blocker | Lidocaine | -decreases automaticity in ventricles (decreases myocardial irritability) | - parathesia - light headed - confusion - hearing - visual | - IV push; then IVPB - 1/2 life 90min | ||
| Beta Adrenergic Blocker | propranolol/ Inderal | - chronotropic effect - inotropic effect - dromotropic effect -decreases renin response (beta 1); decreases glucose release (beta 2) | - bradycardia - bronchoconstriction - hypotenstion - hypoglycemia - impotence | - hold if BP <90 systolic - hold if HR <60 -wheezing -asthma | ||
| Calcium Channel Blocker | verampil/ Isoptin | -dilates peripheral and coronary arteries - inotropic -decr. Cardiac conductivity (neg. dromotropic) -calcium channel blockers decrease arrythmias by: odecreasing the workload of the heart oincreasing the amt. of ox | - hypotenstion - bradycardia - periph. edema | -periph. edema -bradycadia -ortho. hypotension -flushing | ||
| Nitrates | Nitroglycerin | -Dilates peripheral vessels – causes decreased preload and afterload oDilates healthy coronary arteries oResults in a decreased blood pressure and decreased cardiac workload and increased blood flow to the heart | - hypotension - temp. headache - flushing | -Oral & TDD (prevention) -Buccal spray, sublingual, IV (treatment) | -Nitrate tolerance -applic. of patch -admin. of tablet | |
| Thrombolytic Agents | streptokinase/ Streptase | •IV meds used to dissolve or breakdown thrombi in an acute situation (ie-MI, pulmonary embolism). Occasionally used to dissolve clots in IV catheters. | - bleeding | -IV | ||
| Hematology Agents | Iron preparations | Used to treat iron deficiency anemia caused by gradual loss of blood (ie –gastritis, peptic ulcer or cancer of the intestines) or lack of dietary intake. | -dark stools -constipation | -PO w/straw -IM w/z tract | ||
| Hematology Agents | Vitamin B12 | Used to treat pernicious anemia which is noted in pts. after gastrectomy, or those with chronic small bowel disease, and strict vegetarians. | IM | -mthly IM injections in gastrecomy pts. b/c don't have instrinsic facter for absorp. | ||
| Hematology Agents | Vitamin B | •Thiamine (B1) is often given to patients who are diagnosed with alcohol abuse. Thiamine is used in alcohol metabolism. •Folic acid is often supplemented in patients who are pregnant because folic acid deficiency has been found to cause neural tube defec | ||||
| Anticoagulants | Heparin | Used to prevent thrombosis formation or to prevent thrombosis enlargement and embolization. Used in acute situations - Works by inactivating thrombin | -bleeding (mainly GI tract) -thrombocytopenia (HITS) | -IV w/controller -SQ in abdomen | -shrt 1/2 life -SQ 20-30 min onset -IV immed. -low doses of SQ -monitor PTT | |
| Anticoagulants | enoxaparin/ Levenox | •Used to prevent thrombosis formation in knee and hip surgery. •Frequently used for other conditions which make patient at risk for thrombosis | -SQ | -onset longer than heparin -lower risk of bleeding -no labs | ||
| Anticoagulants | warfarin/ Coumadin | •Used long-term to prevent thrombosis formation – atrial fib, thromboembolic disorders, prosthetic heart valves | - bleeding | -PO -onset 2-7 days -long term -protein bound | -monitor PT (1.5) -monitor INR (2-3) -no IM -patient teaching -procedures -MD: ASA or NSAIDS | |
| Antiplatelet Agents | Aspirin | -Used to prevent thrombosis formation | ||||
| Alpha 2 Agent | clonidine/ Catapres | -Stimulate alpha 2 receptors in the brain, causing less sympathetic outflow. oThis results in peripheral blood vessel dilation, decreased HR and BP. | - | |||
| Niacin | Niacin | -decr. triglycerides -decr. cholest. | -flushing -puritus -gastric irriration | -best with other diuretics -effective only in high doses |
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aml2683
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