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antidepressant
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Exogenous depression | caused by external factors or life event. ex: death, unemployment |
Endogenous depression | originates within the body, (MDD) Major Depressive Disorder Ex: chemical imbalance in the brain |
Cause of Mental Depression | low brain level of Norephinephrine and Seretonin |
What is the role of serotonin and norepinephrine | Treat mental depression by increasing NE and 5HT level |
Antidepressant | Drugs that can increase the level of norepinephrine or serotonin in the brain are useful in the treatment of mental depression. These drugs take about 2 to 4 weeks to work fully in the body. |
3 classifications of antidepressants | Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) Tricyclic Antidepressants or (TCAs) Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) |
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) | Enzyme found in most body cells. The function of MAO is to break down norepinephrine and serotonin |
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) | Drugs that DECREASE the amounts of NE and 5HT that are DESTROYED. Consequently levels of NE and 5HT in the brain will INCREASE. |
A pt taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI)must | Avoid foods that contain TYRAMINE. |
Which foods that contain TYRAMINE must one avoid | Ginseng, chocolate, beer, cheese pickles, olives and avocado |
Side effects and adverse effects of MAOI | Can produce a type of liver damage. |
Drug use for Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors(MAOI) | Phenylzine (Nardil) |
Tricyclic Antidepressants(TCAs) | The main action of the trycyclics is to block the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin |
Some of the side effects of Tricyclic Antidepressants(TCAs) | Sedation and anticholinergic effects. anticholinergic effects are dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention and rapid heart bit. |
Tricyclic Antidepressants(TCAs)may produced | Effects in the heart and liver and also cause CNS stimulation |
Tricyclic Antidepressants(TCAs)are safer | Compare to the MAOIS |
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) | Block the reuptake and inactivation of serotonin in the brain.Fewer side and adverse effects and currently have become the most widely used antidepressant.Have very little action to block cholinergic receptors |
Drugs for Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) | Sertraline (Zoloft) 50 - 200 mg/day fluoxetine (Prozac) 20 - 40 mg/day |
Prozac | Does not mix well with anticoagulants and benzodiazepines. Also effective in the treatment of OCD |
Side effects of (SSRIs) | involve the CNS and the gastrointestinal tract. |
Adverse effects of (SSRIs) | 1) Weight loss 2) Insomnia 3) Tremors 4) Nervousness |
Atypicals SSRIs | Second group of SSRIs and block reuptake of multiple neurotransmitter ( NE, 5HT and Dopamine) |
Drugs for Atypicals SSRIs | Bupropion (Wellbutrin) Venlafaxine (Effexor) |
Duloxetine (Cymbalata) Escitalopram (Lexapro) | Drug used if you have depression, diabetic neuropathy pain, fibromyalgia, generalized anxiety disorder, or chronic pain, |
Drugs for Tricyclic Antidepressants(TCAs) | Nortriptyline (Aventyl) Amitriptyline (Elavil) Doxepin (Sinequan) Imipramine (Tofranil) |