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A&P1-10 Cardio Hrt/V
Ch 10: Cardiovascular System - Heart & Vessels
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Afterload | The pressure in the pulmonary trunk and aorta during diastole |
Anastomoses | Circulatory routes that involve vessels merging together |
Angiogenesis | New blood vessel growth |
Arrhythmia | Abnormal heart rhythm |
Atherosclerosis | Buildup of fatty deposits within arterial walls, which causes the walls to roughen and project to the lumen (open space) within the vessel |
Baroreceptors | Sensors located in the aorta and carotid arteries that detect changes in blood pressure |
Cardiac cycle | One complete contraction and relaxation of the heart |
Cardiac output | The amount of blood ejected by each ventricle of the heart each minute (CO = HR [heart rate or beats per min] x SV [stroke volume]; CO written as __ mL/min) |
Chronotropic factor | Anything that changes the heart rate (of the autonomic nervous system) |
Diastole | Relaxation of a heart chamber, usually refers to the action of the ventricles |
Intercalated disks | Specialized junctions between cardiac muscle cells that enable the fast transmission of electrical impulses form one cell to another |
Ischemia | The lack of blood flow |
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) | The average pressure arteries must be able to withstand (MAP = diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure) |
Portal route | A circulatory route that contains 2 capillary beds before blood is returned to the heart (heart → arteries → capillaries → intervening vessels → capillaries → veins → heart) |
Preload | The amount of tension in the myocardium of the ventricular walls |
Pulse pressure | The surge of pressure that small arteries must withstand with each ventricular contraction (pulse pressure = systolic pressure - diastolic pressure) |
Stroke volume | The amount of blood ejected from each ventricle per beat |
Systole | Contraction of a heart chamber, usually refers to the action of the ventricles |
Tunics | 3 layers of a vessel wall (arteries & veins) |
Venous return | The process of returning blood to the heart through veins |