click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
HlTH ch.17
Endocrine
Question | Answer |
---|---|
gastrin | stimulates production of hydrochloric acid |
negative feedback of PTH means that | its secreted in response to low levels of calcium in blood |
atriopeptin | increases loss of sodium and water in urine |
prostaglandins | stimulated by injury. Potent chemical regulators, hormone-like substances. Implicated by menstrual cramps, premature labor |
goiter | enlarged thyroid gland |
steroids | sex hormones and adrenal cortex |
pituitary gland | small, round, attached to a stalk at the base of the brain (hypophysis) or (master gland) |
adrenal glands | lies above each kidney, aka suprarenal glands |
pineal gland | pine cone shaped and attached to posterior part of the brain, aka pineal body |
islets of langerhans | clusters of cells in the pancreas that secrete glucagon and insulin |
what gland supplies hormones that act directly on cells or stimulate other glands that govern numerous vital processes | pituitary gland |
cortico | cortex |
hypophyso | pituitary gland |
tropo | to stimulate |
-physis | growth |
-tropic | stimulating |
-tropin | that which stimulates |
ADH, STH, MSH | stand for pituitary hormones |
LH in males is also called? | ICSH, interstitial cell stimulating hormone |
the hypothalamus synthesizes two hormones that are stored in the neurohypophysis | Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin |
diuresis | passage of large amounts of urine |
the hypothalamus regulates the ( ) by producing regulatory and inhibitory hormones | andenohypophysis |
regulatory and inhibitory hormones stimulate or inhibit the | adenohypophysis |
somato/tropic hormone | growth hormone |
melanin | black or dark brown pigment |
follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone are produced by? | adenohypophysis |
hypo/physis | grows under the cerebrum |
FSH and LH are | gonadotrophins |
FSH | stimulates the ovaries and testes |
LH in females stimulate | ovulation and production of progesterone |
LH in males promotes | growth of interstitial cells of the testes and secretion of testosterone |
LH in males is often called | interstitial cell stimulating hormone |
thyroid stimulating hormone | aka thyropin, produce thyroid hormones |
thyroxine T4 | tetra/iodo/thyro/nine, contains 4 atoms of iodine |
thyro/calcitonin | aka calcitonin, involved in the homeostasis of blood calcium level |
adrenal gland has two parts | cortex and medulla |
the cortex is stimulated by | adrenocorticotropin hormone |
mineralo/corticoids | maintain water balance |
gluco/corticoids | increase blood glucose |
melatonin | secreted by pineal gland, its release is stimulated by darkness |
adrenal medulla secretes | epinephrine and norepinephrine |
concentration of glucose in the blood is an example of | negative feedback system |
glucagon | increase blood sugar levels |
negative feedback of PTH means that it is secreted in response to low levels of | calcium in the blood |
PTH has the ( ) effect, or is antagonistic , to calcitonin secreted by the thyroid gland | oposite |
goiter | enlarged thyroid, swelling in the neck |
blood test to study pancreatic function include | fasting blood sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin, and glucose tolerance test |
glycosylated hemoglobin | represent average blood glucose levels over the previous 3 or 4 months |
what are the products of abnormal use of fat in the body (as in diabetes)? | ketones |
disorders of the posterior lobe of the pituitary are usually related to a deficiency or excess of | ADH, anti diuretic hormone |
diabetes insipidus | deficiency of ADH or inability of the kidneys to respond to ADH |
diabetes mellitus | insufficient or improper use of insulin |
a life threatening form of graves disease is | thyroid storm aka thyrotoxicosis |
hypothyroidism in childhood | cretinism |
myxedema | severe form of adult hypothyroidism, severe swelling and facial puffiness |
malnutrition, and wasting , caused by hypo secretion of the pituitary glad in adults | pituitary cachexia |
hyperparathyroidism causes | hypercalcemia |
hirsutism | excessive growth of hair |
hypo secretion of epinephrine produces no effect, hyper secretion, usually from a tumor puts the body in a prolonged ... | fight or flight mode |
hypo secretion fo the adrenal cortex in which all three classes of adrenal corticosteroids are reduced leads to | Addison disease |
Addison disease | life threatening, dehydration, low blood glucose levels and bronzing of the skin |
deficiency of insulin secretion by the pancreas is a characteristic of what to disorders? | pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer |
hyperglycemia causes fluid electrolyte imbalances resulting in | polyphagia, polyuria, and polydipsia |
type 1 diabetes mellitus | genetic, absolute insulin deficiency |
type 2 diabetes mellitus | insulin resistance |
diabetic nephro/pathy | damage to small vessels of kidneys and is the leading cause of end stage renal disease |
diabetic retino/pathy | disorder of the retinal blood vessels of the eye that can lead to blindness |
peripheral vascular disease can lead to | amputation |
mastitis is an inflammatory condition of the breast that occurs most frequently in? | lactating women |
the most common cause of hypopituitarism is | pituitary tumor |
type 1 diabetes is controlled by ( ) and type 2 diabetes is controlled by ( ) | insulin, exercise |
mastopexy is performed to correct a | pendulous breast (also called breast lift) |
lumpectomy | excision of a tumor |
mast/ectomy | removal of the breast |
only breast tissue is removed in a mastectomy, whereas axillary lymph nodes and muscles of the chest are removed in | radical mastectomy |
mammoplasty | surgical reshaping of the breasts |
augmentation mammoplasty | increases the size of the breasts |