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electricity

QuestionAnswer
A current will flow through an electrical component only if there is . . . a VOLTAGE or POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE (p.d.) across its ends.
The bigger the potential difference across a component . . . The bigger the CURRENT that flows through it.
Components resist a current flowing through them. The bigger their resistance . . . The smaller the current produced by a particular voltage
The p.d. across a component in a circuit is measured in . . . VOLTS
Voltage (p.d.) is measured using . . . a VOLTMETER connected IN PARALLEL with the component.
The CURRENT flowing through a component in a circuit is measured using . . . an AMMETER connected IN SERIES with the component.
The unit of current is . . . the AMPERE (AMP)
A current of 1 A is equal to a charge flowing of . . . 1 COULOMB per SECOND
In metals, a current is a flow of charged particles called . . . ELECTRONS
In a circuit, we say that Conventional Current always flows from . . . The POSITIVE terminal of a cell, towards the NEGATIVE terminal.
In metals, electricity is actually carried by NEGATIVELY charged electrons, which flow from . . . the NEGATIVE terminal towards the POSITIVE terminal of a cell.
The behaviour of a component in a circuit can best be studied by plotting . . . a current-voltage graph.
A resistor at constant temperature has a constant ratio of . . . current to voltage. Its graph is a straight line.
The current-voltage graph for a filament lamp is NOT a straight line. The reason is . . . Resistance increases as temperature increases.
A diode is a device which . . . only allows a current to flow one way through it.
When components are connected in series . . . the SAME CURRENT flows through each component.
The total resistance of components in series is . . . equal to the SUM of their separate resistances.
The total potential difference in a series circuit is . . . shared between the individual compoents.
If a p.d. of 12 volts is shared between two equal resistances, each one will get . . . 6 volts.
If a p.d. of 12 volts is shared between two resistors of 6 ohms and 12 ohms, the bigger resistor will get . . . 8 volts. ( The smaller one gets 4 volts because it has half the resistance of the other one.)
When components are connected IN PARALLEL . . . There is the SAME p.d. across each component.
The total current in a parallel circuit is equal to . . . the SUM of the currents through each of the separate components.
If one lamp is connected to a cell it gets a current of 1 amp. If two identical lamps are connected in parallel (to the same cell) they will get . . . a current of 1 amp each - that makes the total current 2 amps.
If one lamp gets a current of 1A from one cell, two lamps joined in series will get . . . approximately half as much current ( 0.5A) because they have twice as much resistance.
The p.d. provided by cells connected in series is equal to . . . the SUM of the p.ds. of each cell separately bearing in mind the direction in which they are connected.
The resistance of a component is measured in… OHMS
Potential difference, current and resistance are related by Ohm's Law which states… P.d. = current x resistance
The resistance of a component is calculated by applying Ohm's law as follows: R = Voltage / current
If a current of 2A flows in a resistor of resistance 10 ohms, the p.d. across the resistor is . . . 20 volts
What is the current when a p.d. of 12v is applied across a 10 ohm resistor? 1.2 A
The current through a resistor at constant temperature is . . . directly proportional to the p.d. across the resistor.
A lamp converts electrical energy into . . . light and heat.
When electric charge flows through a resistor, electrical energy is transferred as . . . HEAT
The rate of energy transfer is called . . . POWER
Power is measured in watts. 1W is equal to . . . 1 joule per second
In an electric circuit, POWER = P = I V
Energy transferred = E = P x t
CHARGE (coulomb) = Current x Time
Metals are good conductors of electricity because . . . some of their electrons can move freely throughout the metal.
When two different materials are rubbed together . . electrons are transferred from one to the other
Certain materials can be used as electrical insulators. This is because . . . they do not conduct electricity
When a substance loses electrons, it becomes . . . POSITIVELY charged.
Opposite electric charges will . . . ATTRACT each other
Like charges . . . REPEL each other
A charged object can be discharged by . . . connecting it to EARTH with a conductor
When walking along a nylon carpet with plastic-soled shoes, you may pick up a static charge. This happens because . . . electrons are transferred by friction from the shoes to the carpet
When you touch a metal door handle you sometimes receive an electric shock because . . . a charge passes from your body to earth through the door handle
Created by: simonpatel
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