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Unit 9
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atmosphere | Thin layer of gases that surrounds the earth |
| Biosphere | Part of the earth where life exists |
| Hydrosphere | Watery areas of the Earth, including oceans, lakes, rivers, and other bodies of water |
| Lithosphere | Uppermost layer of the Earth that includes the crust, continents, and ocean basins |
| Volcanoes | A volcano is a rupture on the crust of a planetary mass object, such as the Earth, which allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface |
| Continental Drift | The theory that the continents were once joined then slowly drifted apart |
| Tectonic | The processes which control the structure and properties of the Earth's crust, and its evolution through time |
| Hydrologic Cycle | The natural sequence through which water passes into the atmosphere as water vapor, precipitates to earth in liquid or solid form, and ultimately returns to the atmosphere through evaporation |
| Solar Radiation | Radiant energy emitted by the sun, particularly electromagnetic energy |
| Ecosystems | A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment |
| Biomes | Major type of ecological communities defined primarily by distinctive plant and animal groups |
| Desertification | Process in which arable land becomes desert; the destruction of land in arid and semi-arid climates |
| Greenhouse Effect | The capacity of certain gases in the atmosphere to trap heat, thereby warming the Earth |
| Groundwater | Water located underground within the Earth that supplies wells and springs |
| El Nino | A periodic reversal of the pattern of ocean currents and water temperatures in the mid-Pacific region |
| La Nina | A cooling of the water in the equatorial Pacific that occurs at irregular intervals and is associated with widespread changes in weather patterns complementary to those of El Niño, but less extensive and damaging in their effects |
| Barrier Islands | A long, relatively narrow island running parallel to the mainland, built up by the action of waves and currents and serving to protect the coast from erosion by surf and tidal surges |
| Natural Disasters | Major, adverse events resulting from natural processes of the Earth |
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