Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Jewish History Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who was the Babylonian King when Babylon took over Judah? | Neubuchadnezzar |
| Who was exiled in the first exile from Babylonian Judah? | King Jehoachin and rich/upper-class Jews |
| Why did the first exile from Babylonian Judah happen? | When Nebuchadnezzar took over, he thought that those Jews were the ones w/ political power + were the biggest threat to revolt against his rule |
| Who was exiled in the second exile from Babylonian Judah? | Everyone in Jewish community except for poor |
| Why did the second exile from Babylonian Judah happen? | Punishment for Tzedekiah's revolt against Nebuchadnezzar |
| Who was exiled in the third exile from Babylonian Judah? | Every remaining Jew |
| Why did the third exile from Babylonian Judah happen? | Punishment for killing Gedaliah (direct disrespect towards Nebuchadnezzar) |
| Who was Tzedekiah? | King of Judah appointed by Nebuchadnezzar after he took over in 597 BCE |
| Conflict btwn Tzedekiah + Jeremiah | Tzedekiah wanted to rebel against Nebuchadnezzar but Jeremiah thinks that rebellion is bad idea bc Nebuchadnezzar will destroy Temple so Tzedekiah + Jeremiah disagree w/ e/o |
| How did Nebuchadnezzar punish the Jews after Tzedekiah tried to revolt? | Tortured Tzedekiah (killed Tzedekiah's sons in front on him + pulls his eyes out), exiled Jews, destroyed Temple, razed/burned fields |
| How did the Jews feel about being exiled to Babylon? | According to "By the Rivers of Babylon", they were very upset bc they did not know how to practice Judaism outside of Jerusalem |
| What does Jeremiah write in his letter to the exiles? | Tells them to build Jewish community in Babylon, pray for Babylon, marry + have children, have houses + gardens. Also tells them that G-d will bring them back to Jerusalem in 70 yrs |
| Did the Jews listen to Jeremiah? What does this say about Jewish life in Babylon during exile? | They did listen to Jeremiah. Beginning of exile = vry sad time but later on they built large and important Jewish community in Babylon |
| What was Ezekiel's vision of Dry Bones? | Vision of valley of dry bones that grow flesh + come back to life + God breathes life into them |
| What does Ezekiel's vision of Dry Bones represent? | Represents that the Jews should have hope bc G-d will return them to Judah both spiritually + physically |
| When was First Temple destroyed? | (Tisha) 9th of Av, 586 BCE |
| What is context + content of Cyrus Cylinder? | Cryus takes over Babylonia + makes it part of Persian empire + allows all exiles to go back to Babylon |
| What does Cyrus Cylinder tell us about King Cyrus? | Tells us that he wanted people of Babylon to like him + not revolt/rebel |
| How is the Cyrus Declaration different from the Cyrus Cylinder? | Declaration Ezra makes commandment for Jews to return to Judah.Cylinder Cyrus allows Jews to choose. Cyrus Cylinder=Babylonian religious document (Cyrus says Marduk helped them defeat Bab.) Cyrus Declaration Ezra says G-d helped them defeat Babylon |
| How did the Jews who returned to Judea fell about being allowed back? | According to Shir Hama'a lot, they were very happy and felt like they were living in a dream |
| Who were the Samaritans? | Descendants of Jews who managed to stay in Judah during Assyrian exile + intermarried w/ non-Jews |
| What did the Samaritans ask the Jews and how did they respond? | Samaritans ask to help rebuild Temple but the Jews say no |
| Why do the Jews not allow the Samaritans help rebuild the Temple? | Bc the Jews do not consider the Samaritans as truly Jewish |
| What did the Samaritans do to the Jews? | Lie to Persian King + tell him that Jews are planning to rebel so the Jews were not allowed to build Temple |
| What kind of leader was Ezra? | Religious leader |
| What did Ezra do to help the Jews? | Battled intermarriage + established 10 takkanot to help the Jews recommit to Judaism |
| How did Ezra impact the Jewish ppl's lives in Judea? | Helps Jews rededicate themselves to Judaism |
| What kind of leader was Nehemiah? | Political |
| What did Nehemiah do to help the Jews? | Rebuilt walls of Jerusalem to protect Jerusalem |
| How did Nehemiah impact the Jewish ppl's lives in Judea? | Helped defend Jews from enemies |
| Who was the Greek leader who defeated the Persian king? | Alexander the Great |
| Alexander the Great's relationship w/ the Jews? | Treated them well + w/ respect, allowed them to practice Judaism |
| What is Hellenism? | Greek culture + religion |
| What were the 2 Jewish responses to Hellenization? | Hellenists (Extreme + Moderate Hellenists) vs. Hasidim |
| How did Rabbis feel about Hellenism + Hellenization? | Thought it was very bad. Thought moderate Hellenists were worse than extreme Hellenists + anyone who read Ben Sira's moderate Hellenists books would not go to heaven |
| How is the Synagogue in Alexandria described? | Large, nice, fancy. People sat w/ other ppl of their craft/occupation |
| What does the Synagogue in Alexandria tell us about Jewish life under Alexander's rule? | They had wealthy + well-established Jewish community. Were allowed to practice Judaism and did not experience discrimination or persecution |
| Who was Ptolemy? | Greek king, controlled Alexandria (Egypt) |
| What is the Septuagint? | Greek translation of Torah |
| Why was the Septuagint written? | Ptolemy wanted to complete his library + the Jews spoke Greek better than Hebrew - Septuagint helped Jews understand + study Torah |
| Negative view of Septuagint? | Huge sin bc the Torah can never be translated accurately, to attempt to do so is as much of a sin as the golden calf was |
| Positive view of Septuagint? | G-d helped the scribes translate it so even though Septuagint isn't word for word same as Torah still captures essence Eg Naseh et Adam bTzalmeinu, means man was created in our image was changed to His image no confusion that Jews believe in multiple Gods |
| Who was King Antiochus IV? | Seleucid King |
| What were the causes of the Maccabean revolt? | Antiochus raised taxes + forbid Jewish practice |
| Who started the Maccabean revolt? | Matitiyahu |
| Explain the term to die al-Kiddush HaShem | To die al-Kiddush HaShem means if you have a choice btwn dying or desecrating His name, you should choose to die |
| How does the term to die al-Kiddush HaShem relate to the Maccabean Revolt? | The Maccabees + Hasidim decided to risk their lives to practice Judaism |
| What happened when Jews reclaimed the Temple? | They ritually cleansed it |
| What 2 Jewish sects were created after the Revolt? | Pharisees + Sadducees |
| Why were their tensions btwn the Pharisees + Saducees? | They disagreed very strongly |
| What were the Pharisees like? | Everyday Jews, believed in the Oral Torah |
| What were the Sadducees like? | Upper class Jews + priests, rejected Oral Torah |
| What was Alexander Yannai's relationship w/ the Sadducees? | Got along well w/ them bc the Sadducees did not disagree with or rebel against Yannai |
| What was Alexander Yannai's relationship w/ the Pharisees? | Did not get along well with Pharisees bc they didn't like that he combined his Kingship + High Priestship (this is not allowed in Torah) + that the Hasmoneans began to Hellenize again (which was what the Maccabees had worked so hard to fight against) |
| What happened when Alexander Yannai died? | He tells his wife, Queen Salome to make peace w/ Pharisees. She listens. Shimon ben Shetah replaces Sadducees w/ Pharisees in Sanhedrin + they become the ruling class. |
| Why/how does Shimon ben Shetah replace the Saducees in the Sanhedrin w/ the Pharisees? | Says only those who understand + can find proof from the Torah should be allowed to be in the Sanhedrin. Sadducees are repeatedly unable to fulfill the task, so they are replaced one by one by Pharisees who are |
| How did the civil war btwn Salome's sons begin? | After Salome dies, her sons Aristobulus + Hyrcanus fight over crown. Both ask Rome for help. |
| How did the civil war btwn Salome's sons end? | Rome helps Hyrcanus, but takes over Judah + only makes Hyrcanus the High Priest (not the King) |
| How did the Jews feel toward King Herod? | Didn't like him bc his grandparents weren't Jewish by blood (were converts to Judaism) |
| How did the Romans feel toward King Herod? | Liked + supported him |
| Why was Herod called "Herod The Builder"? | Build forts like Masada + Caesaria + he helped renovate 2nd Temple |
| 2 new sects that were established during Roman era? | Sicarii + Essenes |
| Who were the Sicarii? | Killed Romans + Roman supporters bc they didn't like Roman rule |
| Who were the Essenes? | Were pure, rejected + avoided Roman life + culture |
| Pharisees during Roman rule's politics? | Agreed w/ Romans |
| Pharisees during Roman rule's religion? | Agreed w/ Romans |
| Pharisee's opinion on rebellion against Rome? | Anti-rebellion |
| Sicarii politics? | Disagreed w/ Romans |
| Sicarii religion? | Neutral w/ Romans |
| Sicarii's opinion on rebellion against Rome? | Started rebellion |
| Essenes' politics? | Disagreed w/ Romans |
| Essenes' religion? | Disagreed w/ Romans |
| How did Essenes deal w/ Roman rule? | Left Jerusalem |
| What are the Dead Sea Scrolls? | Scrolls found near Dead Sea, oldest copy of Torah |
| Why are the Dead Sea Scrolls important? | Give us lots of info about 2nd Temple period/Roman era |
| What was Jesus' goal when Christianity began? | Jesus wanted Judaism to be more about how we treat ppl (ethics) than about following rules |
| What were the causes of the Great Revolt? | High taxes, lack of independence, not being treated well by Romans |
| Who was Josephus? | Jewish historian who was leader in Great Revolt but was captured by Romans + became Roman citizen |
| Why is Josephus considered a traitor? | He helped the Romans |
| Who started the Great Revolt? | Sicarii |
| Who was Titus? | Roman general during Great Revolt |
| When was 2nd Temple destroyed? | 9th (Tisha) b'Av, 70 CE |
| According to the Rabbis, why was the 2nd Temple destroyed? | Shinat Chinim - baseless hatred, hating w/o cause (Kamtza + Bar Kamtza story) |
| Kamtza + Bar Kamtza story pt. 1? | Man had best friend named Kamtza + enemy named Bar Kamtza accidentally invited Bar Kamtza to party very rude to Bar Kamtza, told him to leave. Bar Kamtza was very embarrassed, asked to stay |
| Kamtza + Bar Kamtza story pt. 2? | BK was very angry so he told Romans that Jews planned to rebel. to prove it, Romans sent Jews sacrifice. The Jews refused to sacrifice it bc BK cut the cow's lip (can be no blemishes on sacrifices). bc they refused, Romans destroyed 2nd Temple |
| What happened @ Masada? | Mass suicide, last stronghold of Jews. Killed themselves, wives + families rather than be slaves to Romans |
| First stage of return to Judah? | 539 BCE - Sheshbazzar leads small group back to lay foundation for Temple |
| Second stage of return to Judah? | 522 BCE- 42 000 Jews led by Zerubbabel + Joshua to begin to rebuild Temple |
| Third stage of return to Judah? | 458 + 445 BCE - Nehemiah (governor of Judah) + Ezra lead remaining Jews back |
| Who was the governor of Judah under Cyrus' rule? | Nehemiah |
Created by:
lovinglifexoxo
Popular Religion sets