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Science Vocab 10/6
Carbon, Water, and Nitrogen Cycles
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Acid Rain | precipitation, as rain, snow, or sleet, containing relatively high concentrations of acid-forming chemicals, as the pollutants from coal smoke, chemical manufacturing, and smelting, that have been released into the atmosphere and combined with water vapor |
Aerobic | pertaining to or caused by the presence of oxygen |
Alkaline | having a pH value greater than 7. |
Biogeochemical | the science dealing with the relationship between the geochemistry of a region and the animal and plant life in that region. |
Aquifer | any geological formation containing or conducting ground water, esp. one that supplies the water for wells, springs, etc. |
Aquitard | an impermeable layer along an aquifer |
Artesian well | a well in which water rises under pressure from a permeable stratum overlaid by impermeable rock. |
Carbon dioxide | a heavy odorless colorless gas formed during respiration and by the decomposition of organic substances; absorbed from the air by plants in photosynthesis |
Carbonic Acid | the acid, H2CO3, formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water, known in the form of its salts and esters, the carbonates. |
Coalescence | to grow together or into one body: The two lakes coalesced into one. |
Combustion | the act or process of burning |
Condensation | the act or process of reducing a gas or vapor to a liquid or solid form. |
Decomposition | the state of being decomposed; decay. |
Diffusion | the process in which there is movement of a substance from an area of high concentration of that substance to an area of lower concentration -the property of being diffused or dispersed |
Evaporation | The change of a liquid into a vapor at a temperature below the boiling point. Evaporation takes place at the surface of a liquid, where molecules with the highest kinetic energy are able to escape. |
Expectoration | the process of coughing up and spitting out |
Fossil fuel | any combustible organic material, as oil, coal, or natural gas, derived from the remains of former life. |
Geyser | a hot spring that intermittently sends up fountainlike jets of water and steam into the air. |
Glucose | a sugar, C6H12O6 |
Infiltration | The gas, fluid, or dissolved matter that has entered a substance, cell, or tissue. |
Metabolism | the sum of the physical and chemical processes in an organism by which its material substance is produced, maintained, and destroyed, and by which energy is made available |
Oxides | A compound of oxygen and another element or radical. Water (H2O) is an oxide. |
Percolation | the slow movement of water through the pores in soil or permeable rock |
Permeability | the capability of a porous rock or sediment to permit the flow of fluids through its pore spaces. |
Photosynthesis | he process in green plants and certain other organisms by which carbohydrates are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water using light as an energy source. Most forms of photosynthesis release oxygen as a byproduct. |
Phytoplankton | photosynthetic or plant constituent of plankton; mainly unicellular algae |
Porosity | the ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the volume of the pores or interstices of a substance, as a rock or rock stratum, to the total volume of the mass |
Precipitation | falling products of condensation in the atmosphere, as rain, snow, or hail. |
Primary Producer | any green plant or any of various microorganisms that can convert light energy or chemical energy into organic matter. |
Recharge | the processes by which ground water is absorbed into the zone of saturation |
Respiration | the act of respiring; inhalation and exhalation of air; breathing. |
Sorting | the process by which sedimentary particles become separated according to some particular characteristic, as size or shape. |
Source | the beginning or place of origin of a stream or river |
Sink | a process that acts to absorb or remove energy or a substance from a system; "the ocean is a sink for carbon dioxide" |
Sublimation | a change directly from the solid to the gaseous state without becoming liquid |
Transpiration | the passage of water through a plant from the roots through the vascular system to the atmosphere |
Water table | underground surface beneath which earth materials, as soil or rock, are saturated with water |
Weathering | the various mechanical and chemical processes that cause exposed rock to decompose. |