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USVA SOL
Concepts and Compromises
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Popular Sovereignty | A concept developed by Stephen Douglas, in which territories decide for themselves whether or not they will allow slavery. |
| Progressive Movement | A reform movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which provided solutions to several problems that existed during the industrial age. |
| Nullification | The concept that it is the right of a state to disobey a national law that it considers unconstitutional; this led to an 1832 crisis with South Carolina over a high tariff. |
| White Flight | The movement of white Americans from the cities to the suburbs, and was one of the responses to the Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education |
| McCarthyism | Means to accuse someone based on false or flimsy evidence. It is named for a Wisconsin Senator who falsely accused many people of being communists during the Red Scare. |
| Genocide | Term that means the systematic murder of persons based on their ethnicity, race, etc. |
| Panic of 1837 | Occurred as a result of President Andrew Jackson's mismanagement of the Second National Bank. |
| Suffrage | Means the right to vote. |
| Vietnamization | Name of President Richard Nixon's plan to replace American fighting troops in Vietnam with more and better trained South Vietnamese soldiers. |
| Spoils System | The practice of a winning candidate rewarding his supporters with jobs in office—Andrew Jackson was known for this. |
| Great Migration | Large-scale movement of African Americans from the South to Northern cities in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to find jobs and economic opportunities, and to escape Jim Crow laws. |
| Radical Republicans | Group in Congress during Reconstruction that opposed President Andrew Johnson, stood up for civil liberties and voting rights for African Americans, and wanted to punish the South for the Civil War. |
| Sectionalism | Evolution of distinct regions in the U.S. beginning early in the 19th century, as exemplified by the increasingly industrial economy in the North and the increasingly plantation agricultural economy in the South. |
| Massive Resistance | Describes how Virginia responded to the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education. |
| Outsourcing | Refers to the practice of hiring people in other countries to do work for a domestic company, a practice that many businesses engage in today. |
| Manifest Destiny | The belief that it was ordained by God that the U.S. boundaries should span from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, which became a primary justification for westward expansion that took place in the 19th century. |
| Judicial Review | Established in the Supreme Court decision of Marbury v. Madison, is the principle that the courts have the power to declare acts of government unconstitutional. |
| Veto | An important check and balance that the executive branch has over the legislative branch of government. President Andrew Jackson exercised it when Congress passed a bill to re-charter the Second National Bank. |
| Missouri Compromise | Drew a line across the Louisiana Territory; everything south of the line was to enter the Union as a slave state, while everything north of the line (except Missouri) was to enter the Union as a free state. Maine became a free state. |
| Compromise of 1850 | California was to enter the Union as a free state, while the territories of Utah and New Mexico would use popular sovereignty; there would be no slave trade in Washington, D.C.; and there would be a new and enforced fugitive slave law. |
| Great Compromise | Resolved differences between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan at the Constitutional Convention. Representation in the bicameral legislature would be as follows: in the House of Representatives by population and in the Senate by equality. |
| Compromise of 1877 | Ended Reconstruction—the Republican Rutherford B. Hayes would be given the disputed presidential of 1876, and in return would pull the federal troops out of the South. |
| Electoral College | Resulted in a format in which presidents would be elected, though not directly by the people. |
| 3/5 Compromise | The population of enslaved persons in each respective state would be counted three-fifths for purposes of representation in the House of Representatives. |
Created by:
mrbayne