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Psych Tech
Notes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Structure of the Personality | ID, EGO, SUPEREGO |
| Personality | The combination of character, behavioral, temperamental, emotional, and mental traits that are unique to each specific individual. |
| ID | Instinctual drive, Pleasure principle, Impulsive and irrational. |
| EGO | Rational self, Reality Principle, Mediator |
| SUPEREGO | Perfection Principle, Values and Morales, Made of: Ego Ideal and the Conscience |
| Topography of the Mind | Conscious, Preconscious, Unconscious |
| Conscious | All memories within awareness. |
| Preconscious | All memories forgotten or not in present awareness, but can be recalled into consciousness. Suppresses unpleasant memories. |
| Unconscious | All memories that can not be brought to conscious awareness. Unpleasant repressed memories. May manifest in dreams. |
| Psychology | The study of the mind and behavior. |
| Psyche | Greek for "Life" |
| Logos | Greek for "Explanation" |
| Research Psychologist | Uses the scientific method to create new knowledge about the cause of behavior. |
| Psychologist-Practitioner | Uses existing research to enhance the everyday life of others. |
| Public Self (Open Self) | Known to others and known to self. |
| Private Self | Uknown to others but known to self. |
| Unknowing Self | Known to others but unknown to self. |
| Unknown self | Unknown to others and unknown to self. |
| Who uses Empirical Methods | All Scientists |
| Empirical Method | Collection of data, Organization of data (Analyze) Conclusion of data (Interpret) |
| Scientific Method | The set of assumptions, rules, and procedures that scientists use to conduct empirical research. |
| Why is making predictions difficult? | People are different. |
| Structuralism | Uses the method of introspection to identify the basic elements or “structures” of psychological experience. Wilhelm Wundt and Edward B. Titchener. |
| Functionalism | Attempts to understand why animals and humans have developed the particular psychological aspects that they currently possess. William James. |
| Psychodynamic | Focuses on the role of our unconscious thoughts, feelings, and memories and our early childhood experiences in determining behavior. Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, and Erik Erickson. |
| Behaviorism | Based on the premise that it is not possible to objectively study the mind, and therefore that psychologists should limit their attention to the study of behavior itself. John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner. |
| Cognitive | The study of mental processes, including perception, thinking, memory, and judgments. Hermann Ebbinghaus, Sir Frederic Bartlett, and Jean Piaget |
| Suppression | Voluntary conscoius inhibition of memory. |
| Repression | Involuntary unconscious inhibition of memory. |
| Basic Research | Answers fundamental questions about behavior. |
| Applied Research | Investigates issues that have implications for everyday life and provides solutions to everyday problems. |
| Internal Locus of Control | Belief that you have control your life. |
| External Locus of Control | Belief that external forces control you. |
| Functional Impairment | Inability to maintain your role as a person. Inability to keep a job. Inability to relate to others. |
| Psychologically Healthy PPL | Flexable and Adaptable. |
| Psychologically Unhealthy PPL | Hard, Fixed, Rigid, and Inflexible. Just the way she likes it. |
| Insanity | Doing the same thing expecting a different result. |
| Personality Disorder | When personality traits cause functional impairment. |
| Characteristics of a Psychopath or a person with antisocial tendencies. | Pathological lying, parasitic lifestyle, glib and superficial charm, grandiose, need for stimulation, cunning, manipulative, lack of remorse or guilt, shallow affect, lack of empathy, poor behavior controls, sexual promiscuity, antisocial, etc... |
| Neurotransmitters | Dopamine, Serotonin, Neuroepinephrine (NE), Acetacholine (ACH) |
| Meth is similar to | Dope(amine) |
| What works best for anaphalactic shock? | Epinephrine |
| Dopamine, what does it do? | Voluntary Decisions, Cardiovascular, involved in moods, motor movements, and is released by the spinal nerves. |
| Serotonin, what does it do? | Controls moods, aggression, arousal, libido, appetite, and sleep. |
| What are the two components of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)? | Somatic and Visceral |
| What type of muscle tissue does the Somatic side of the PNS control? | Skeletal muscles (Voluntary) |
| What type of muscle tissue does the Visceral side of the PNS control? | Smooth and Cardiac muscle |
| Another name for the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)? | Visceral |
| What hormone does stress cause to be released? | Cortisol |
| What are the two branches of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)? | Sympathetic and Parasympathetic |
| Fight or Flight | Sympathetic |
| Rest and Digest | Parasympathetic |
| What neurotransmitter is used to activate a sympathetic response? | Neuroepinephrone (NE) |
| What neurotransmitter is used to activate a parasympathetic response? | Acetacholine (ACH) |
| Adrenergic receptors respond to? | Neuroepinephrone (NE) |
| Cholinergic Receptors respond to? | Acetacholine (ACH) |
| Which part of the ANS causes INCREASED heart rate, blood pressure, pupil dilation, blood glucose, and DECREASES digestion and peristalsis. | Sympathetic |
| How do anticholinergic drugs work? | They block acetacholine (ACH) from getting to the cholinergic receptors. |
| What part of the brain senses fear? | Amygdala |
| How many stages are there in the sleep cycle? | stage 0-4 and REM |
| Describe stage 1 sleep. | Relaxed but drowsy. Beta rhythm. |
| Describe stage 2 sleep. | Asleep but easily awakened. 50% sleep time. Theta rhythm. |
| Describe stage 3-4 sleep. | Deep sleep. Not easily awakened. Physical restoration. Delta rhythm |
| Describe REM | Rapid Eye Movement: Dreaming. 25% sleep time. Increased Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) activation. Beta rhthym. |
| Who said that dreams are "...disguised fulfillments of repressed wishes." | Freud |
| What are the two components of dreams according to Freud? | Manifest content and Latent content. |
| Manifest content (of dreams according to Freud) | Made up of actual images, thoughts and content contained within the dream. |
| Latent content (of dreams according to Freud) | Represents the hidden psychological meaning of the dream. |
| Sleep Deprivation: Day 1 | Difficulty focusing eyes. |
| Sleep Deprivation: Day 2 | Very moody, and difficulty in focusing eyes. |
| Sleep Deprivation: Day 3 | Very irritable, memory lapses, hallucinations, altered visual perception. |
| Sleep Deprivation: Day 4 | Hallucinations with recognition that its not real. |
| Sleep Deprivation: Day 5 and beyond | Paranoid, moody, and psychotic. |
| How much sleep do (< 3 month) newborns need? | 12-18 hours |
| How much sleep do (3-11 month) infants need? | 14-15 hours |
| How much sleep do (1-3 yr) toddlers need? | 12-14 hours |
| How much sleep do (3-5 yr) preschoolers need? | 11-13 hours |
| How much sleep do (5-10 yr) school age children need? | 10-11 hours |
| How much sleep do (10-18 yr) teens need? | 8 1/2- 9 1/2 hours |
| How much sleep do (18> yr) adults need? | 7-9 hours |
| What does alcohol do to the brain? | CNS depressant, disturbs REM sleep, and dehydrates the body. |
| Do Banzodiazepines affect REM sleep? | No, but tolerances are developed easily. |
| Do Barbiturates affect REM sleep? | Yes |
| Name 3 Benzodiazepines. | Valium, Zanex, and Ativan. |
| Name one popular Barbiturate. | Phenobarbital |
| Name 3 hallucinogenic drugs. | LSD, PCP, and Marijuana. |
| What is the most common hallucinogenic drug? | Marijuana |
| What parts of the brain are included in the Lymbic System? | Hippocampus, Amygdala, Anterior Thalmic Nuclei, Septum, Limbic Cortex and Fornix. |
| The Lymbic system supports what functions? | Emotion, Behavior, Motivation, long term memory (LTM), and Olfaction. |
| The Lymbic system operates by influencing which two bodily systems? | Endocrine system and Autonomic nervous system (ANS) |
| Where is the brain's pleasure center located? | Nucleus Accumbens |
| The Nucleus Accumbens plays two main roles. What are they? | Sexual Arousal and the "high" derived from certain recreational drugs. |
| What is a Labotomy? | The surgical severing of the connection between the frontal cortex and the lymbic system. |
| What disorder does a Labotomy cure? | Severe emotional disorders. |
| What happens to patients after they have a Labotomy? | They become passive and lack all motivation for action. |
| Define Motivation: | An incentive, want, need, interest, or desire that propels someone in a certain direction. |
| What is the literal meaning of Motivation? | "To move" |
| 5 characteristics of highly motivated people: | 1 High activity level. 2 Increased rate of learning. 3 higher level of performance. 4 Ability to make choices. 5 Don't let obstacles get in the way. |
| Instinct theory | Believes that motivation is the result of biological or genetic programming. |
| Incentive theory | Incentive pulls you toward something...some external goal, in contrast to drive which pushes you toward something. |
| What are the 3 components of emotions? | Cognitive appraisal, Psychological arousal, and Behavior. |
| Emotional IQ (EQ) | 1 Being aware of your own feelings. 2 Being able to manage your emotions. 3 Persisting in the face of set-backs. 4 Channeling impulses in order to pursue a goal. |
| 7 types of intelligence | 1 Verbal. 2 Logical-Math. 3 Musical. 4 Spatial. 5 Kinesthetic. 6 Interpersonal. 7 Intrapersonal. |
| 3 modalities of learning | Visual, Auditory, and Kinesthetic/Tactile |
| What is the best way to learn? | Doing the real thing. |
| How long does it take for an image to fade from memory. | 1/4 second |
| 1st stage of memory | sensory register |
| 2nd stage of memory | short term memory (STM) |
| How long do you have to pay attention for information to go into short term memory? | 1/2 second |
| Working memory | short term memory |
Created by:
Sanctus Verus
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