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US History
EOCT Review part 2 (After 1865)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Compare Presidential Reconstruction with Radical Reconstruction. | Presidential Reconstruction was seen as very lenient toward the South. The President’s main goal was to get the South back into the Union. The Radicals saw the main goal of Reconstruction to be equality for African Americans. |
| Discuss the efforts to redistribute land in the South among former slaves. | There were some efforts in the South to redistribute land to the former slaves, but overall there was never any real effort made by the national government to do this. |
| What was the Freedman's Bureau? | The Freedman’s Bureau was set up to help freed slaves get on their feet. It provided them with money, clothes, food, etc to help them get a fresh start. |
| What were the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments? | The 13-15th amendments are significant because they granted African Americans certain political rights. The 13th amendment ended slavery, the 14th gave them citizenship, and the 15th gave them the right to vote. |
| What were the black codes? | The Black codes were put in place to restrict rights that African Americans earned during Reconstruction. Most centered around keeping African Americans from voting. |
| What was the KKK? | The KKK was a white supremacist group that arose during Reconstruction. Its goal was to frighten and terrorize African Americans.\ |
| Discuss Andrew Johnson's impeachment. | Andrew Johnson was brought up on impeachment charges because of his firing practices. The House found Johnson’s firing of his Secretary of War was unconstitutional and impeached him. He fell one vote short of being removed from office. |
| What kind of impact did the growth of railroads have on other industries? | Railroads stimulated the economy by creating jobs and boosting other industries. The railroads opened up new markets for businesses and made shipping things faster and cheaper. |
| How did railroads effect western development? | The transcontinental railroad connected the east with the west. It was built by immigrant workers such as the Mexicans and Chinese. They provided a cheap and fast way for people to travel and visit the western part of the country. |
| Who was John D Rockefeller? | John D Rockefeller owned Standard Oil. It was the largest oil company in the US during the late 1800’s. Rockefeller controlled all the factors of production related to his oil company. There were laws made to control monopolies such as Standard Oil. |
| What did Thomas Edison invent? | Edison invented the light bulb and later worked on building power plants to supply electricity. |
| What was the American Federation of Labor? | It was a national labor union formed by Samuel Gompers in 1886. It was a craft union that organized workers that were part of a specific craft. |
| Who was Samuel Gompers? | He was the head of the American Federation of Labor (AFL). He worked to improve workers wages and working conditions. He urged his members to use strikes and boycotts to negotiate. |
| What was the Pullman Strike of 1894? | Pullman railroad car workers went on strike for better wages. Their strike disrupted railroad traffic and the delivery of mail. The attorney general ruled in favor of Pullman. The strike set the precedent that the government would back the factory owners. |
| Discuss the impact that westward movement had on Native Americans. | As more and more people moved west it caused friction with the Native Americans. The Native Americans were forced off their land and were moved to less desirable land. The were several confrontations with the Native Americans such as Wounded Knee. |
| What was Ellis Island? | Ellis Island was located in the harbor of New York. Immigrants from Europe all came through Ellis Island on their way to America. |
| How did immigration patterns changes over time in the US? | In the mid to late 1800’s the immigrants to the US came mainly from the North and Western parts of Europe. By 1890 there was a shift in where the immigrants came from. They started coming from Southern and Eastern Europe. |
| Where did most immigrants live once they entered the US? | Immigrants primarily stayed in the North and settled in the large urban areas. These immigrants formed their own little communities inside the large cities where they would be surrounded by people that shared their same culture. |
| Discuss Jane Adams and the Hull House. | The Hull House was opened in Chicago by Jane Addams to help immigrants. It later turned into a community center that provided social services for a number of different people. W |
| What were the causes and results of the Spanish American war? | The causes of the war were: growing frustration over Spain’s treatment of Cuba, the explosion of the USS Maine, and the Da Lome letter. The US won the war and as a result received Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. |
| Discuss the reasons for US expansion in the late 1800's and early 1900's? | There were several reasons for expansion: to provide new markets for goods, some Americans also pushed for a strong US Navy and wanted to expand to protect American interests. A third reason for expansion was to create excitement in America. |
| What were the Jim Crow laws? | Jim Crow laws were put into place in the South after reconstruction. They made it to where there were separate facilities for blacks and whites in schools, parks, public buildings, etc. |
| What was the outcome of Plessy vs. Ferguson? | The Supreme Court ruled that separate facilities for black and whites were legal as long as the facilities were equal. |
| What was the NAACP? | The NAACP emerged after Reconstruction to combat things like the Jim Crow laws and the KKK. The purpose of the NAACP was to abolish segregation and discrimination, to oppose racism, and to gain civil rights for African Americans. |
| What was the purpose of the Chinese Exclusion Act? | The Chinese Exclusion Act was put into place to stop Chinese people from immigrating to the US. People in the US were scared that the Chinese would take all the manual labor jobs because they were willing to work for reduced pay. |
| Discuss the events surrounding the building of the Panama Canal? | The US bought the land from Panama and ultimately built the canal. They way that the US acquired the land was “underhanded” and left a legacy of bitterness between the US and Latin American countries. |
| What was the Roosevelt Corollary? | The corollary stated that the US would intervene to prevent aggression from other powers against their lands in the Americas. |
| What impact did Upton Sinclair's novel have on the meat packing industry? | Upton Sinclair wrote “The Jungle” which described the problems in the meatpacking industry. Sinclair and other writers who brought attention to issues in society were labeled “muckrakers.” |
| Who was Ida Tarbell? | Ida Tarbell wrote a book about all the abuses committed by the Standard Oil Company. |
| What was the 18th amendment? | The 18th amendment made the sale of alcohol illegal (prohibition). The purpose of prohibition was to clean up society and all the problems that drinking led to. |
| What was the 19th amendment? | The 19th amendment gave women the right to vote in 1920. Although women were granted the right to vote, many did not exercise the right at the beginning. |
| What events brought the US into WWI? | America stayed out of WWI for most of the war and was eventually dragged into it. Some of the reasons for the US entering the war are: the Germans unrestricted bombing of ships with their U-boats and the Zimmerman Telegraph. |
| What was the Great Migration? | It was the movement of African-Americans to the North during the 1920’s. They moved North to look for jobs in the factories and to avoid discrimination in the South. |
| Who was Eugene Debs? | Eugene Debs was put in jail for his role in the Pullman strike. |
| What was the purpose of Woodrow Wilson's 14 points? | They were Wilson’s plan to preserve peace after WWI. One by one the points were all rejected by the Allied leaders. His idea for the creation of a League of Nations passed but the US never joined it. |
| What was the Red Scare? | It was the fear in the 1920’s that communism would spread to the US. It led to a reduction in the number of immigrants allowed in the US out of fear that they would communist members. |
| Who was Henry Ford? | Henry Ford owned Ford Motor Company. He mass produced cars through his use of the assembly line method. As the car industry boomed, so did other industries related to it. The steel and rubber industries are examples of this. |
| What impact did radio and movies have on America? | They helped create a shared national culture that had never existed before. |
| What new style of music emerged in the 1920's? | Jazz was a new style of music that became popular in the 1920’s. It originated in the South and was brought to the North by African Americans who moved their looking for jobs. |
| Who was Louis Armstrong? | Louis Armstrong was one of the more famous Jazz artists of this generation. He is most known for his song “What a wonderful world.” |
| What was the Harlem Renaissance? | Harlem was also the home of an African American literary movement known as the “Harlem Renaissance.” Langston Hughes was one of the more popular writers of the Harlem Renaissance period. |
| What were the causes of the Great Depression? | The Great Depression had several factors: 1) Overproduction 2) Gap between rich and poor 3)stock market crashed 4 ) consumers buying things on credit |
| What impact did the Great Depression have on America? | The Great Depression hit all of America. People lost their jobs at alarming rates. Many people were forced to move in order to find work wherever it might be. The depression hit the middle class and the poor the hardest. |
| What were Hoovervilles? | Hoovervilles were make-shift houses built all over the country during the depression. The houses were made of whatever materials people could find. They got their name from President Hoover, who was not popular at the time. |
| What was the TVA? | The TVA was a federal project to provide inexpensive electric power, flood control, and recreational opportunities to the Tennessee Valley. It was part of FDR’s “New Deal Plan.” |
| What was the Social Security Act? | Established in 1935 to provide financial security in the form of regular monthly payments to people who couldn’t support themselves. "Second New Deal" |
| How did Eleanor Roosevelt help establish the role of the first lady? | She traveled around the country with FDR helping gather support for his “New Deal” program. She also worked hard for women’s rights and civil rights for African Americans. |
| What were some of the criticisms of FDR's New Deal? | Republicans thought he went too far with all his social programs. Progressives felt like he didn’t do enough to redistribute the wealth in America. Huey Long was the most outspoken critic. |
| What impact did the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor have? | The Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. This single act helped bring the US into World War II. The attacked was well planned out. They thought they could defeat the US in a “short war.” The attack on Pearl Harbor was meant to cripple the US. |
| What was the Lend Lease program? | This was the program that Roosevelt got passed through Congress where we could lend and lease money and weapons to our allies in WWII without officially entering the war. |
| Why did A. Phillip Randolph propose a march on Washington? | He planned to lead a march on Washington to protest the discrimination practices that were going on in the work place. Randolph wanted African Americans to have the opportunity to receive jobs in the war related industries. |
| Why did America put Japanese Americans in internment camps during WWII? | 132. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the US rounded up Japanese Americans on the West Coast and put them in internment camps. The reason for doing this was the fear that the Japanese Americans might be terrorists or even spies for the Japanese. |
| What was D-Day? | D-Day was significant because it started the process of taking back control of France for the Allies. |
| Why was the Battle of Midway so important? | The Battle of Midway was significant because it was the turning point for the war in the Pacific. Up until Midway, the Allies had been losing most of the battles to the Japanese. |
| Why was the Fall of Berlin so significant? | The fall of Berlin is significant because it signaled the war in Europe was over and the Allies could focus all their efforts on the war in the Pacific. |
| What role did women play in WWII? | While the men were away fighting on WWII women took over many of the jobs in heavy industry that men performed before the war. |
| How did the American public help with the war effort? | People saved gas by carpooling to work and they collected numerous items that could be recycled. The government issued a mandatory rationing system because of a scarcity of basic goods. |
| Discuss the building and testing of the atomic bomb? | The US government developed the atomic bomb under the secret code name “The Manhattan Project.” The bomb was tested in the New Mexico desert and that gave the military an idea of its power. |
| What was the Truman Doctrine? | The Truman Doctrine stated that the US would come to the aid of any country who wanted to keep out communism. This policy was the basis for our wars in Korea and Vietnam. |
| What was the Marshall Plan? | The Marshall plan was put in place to give European countries financial aid after WWII so that they could rebuild their countries and establish democratic governments. |
| How did China become a communist country? | Mao Zedong and the Communist took control of China after WWII. This troubled the US because we wanted to contain communism. We feared it would spread to other Asian countries and it did in Korea and Vietnam. China is still a communist regime even today. |
| What were the causes and results of the Korean War? | The Korean War started when North Korea tried to take over South Korea and make it communist. The US came to the aid of South Korea. When the war was over, the two countries were divided at the same point they were before the war. |
| Who was Joseph McCarthy? | McCarthy was a US Senator who helped stir up a communist scare in the US with all his accusations that high ranking people were communists. Most of his accusations proved to be false but it did create doubt in the minds of many Americans. |
| What was the Interstate Highway Act? | It authorized the construction of a national network of highways to connect all the major cities in America. |
| What impact did TV have on America? | The television changed the whole culture of American starting in the late 1940’s. By the mid 1950’s most families owned a TV and businesses used TV to reach a national audience through the use of advertisements. |
| How did technology effect the lives of Americans? | Technology took off after WWII. Most homes and businesses all had air-conditioning by the late 1960’s. Early versions of the personal computer, internet, and cell phones were all first seen in the 1970’s. |
| How did Truman help racially integrate the federal government and military? | In 1948 President Truman passed an executive order that called for the military to integrate its armed forces and end discrimination in the hiring of government employees. This paved the way for the civil rights laws that were passed in the 1960’s. |
| How did the Russians launching Sputnik effect America? | The Soviet Union beat the US into space with its satellite called Sputnik. This led the US to increase spending in education, especially in math & science, and to increase national military defense programs. |
| What was the significance of Brown vs. Board of Education? | In Brown V. Board of Education, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that “separate but equal” facilities were unconstitutional. It reversed the previous court’s decision in Plessy V. Ferguson. |
| What did Martin Luther King's letter from the Birmingham jail address? | MLK’s letter from the Birmingham Jail addressed the fears that white religious leaders had that he was moving to fast towards desegregation. He explained how the victims of segregation found it difficult to wait any longer for things to change. |
| What was the significance of MLK's "I Have a Dream" speech? | MLK's "I Have a Dream" speech was a message of HOPE that was given at the end of the March on Washington during the Civil Rights movement. He asked for peace and racial harmony. |
| What was the significance of the Civil RIghts Act of 1964? | it was a law that was signed by LBJ and it prohibited discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, gender, and age. It legally ended segregation and Jim Crow Laws. |
| What was the significance of the Voting Rights Act of 1965? | it was a law that was signed by LBJ and it banned the use of literacy test when voting because it was bias and it unfairly targeted minorities. |
| What was the impact of the assassination of MLK? | MLK was assassinated in 1968, which caused the Civil Rights Movement to fragment into separate groups and caused riots in over 100 American cities. |
| What impact did television have on the 1960 presidential debates? | First presidential debate broadcasted on television. Kennedy looked healthy, cool, & collected where Nixon looked sickly and older with his 5 o'clock shadow. TV showed Kennedy was the winner & the radio had Nixon as the winner. Image matters. |
| What was SNCC? | Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. This is the younger movement. Founded by college students and was mixed. Sit-in, Freedom Rides, marches (Kinder March), and Freedom Summer. Party later splits into the Black Panther Party. |
| What was the SCLC? | Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Founded by MLK and others. Nonviolent movement of older people that was a mixed group. Boycotts, marches, and protests. |
| What was the Bay of Pigs? | An unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the communist regime in Cuba by using exiled Cubans to invade Cuba. It was a failure due to the Cuban Gov’t knowing about it. *Made JFK look bad |
| What was the Cuban Missile Crisis? | US discovered a nuclear missile in Cuba. It was put there by Russia and it was aimed at the U.S. The U.S. told Russia to remove it and they did while the U.S. removed ours in Turkey. JFK talked them down which made him look GOOD |
| What led to the war in Vietnam? | Containment issue. Vietnam was divided between communist (NORTH) and a democracy (SOUTH) like the Korean War. They both struggled for control and the U.S. got involved to help the democratic side. It lasted over 10 years with a containment failure. |
| What was the significance of the Tet Offensive? | It was the Vietcong’s largest and most damaging campaign of the entire war in 1968. It made the US look BAD |
| Analyze the anti-Vietnam War movement at home. | young Americans protested the Vietnam War. They protested against the draft and also to bring troops home. Peaceful the more radical. Kent State was the turning point for the protest. |
| Analyze Cesar Chavez and the United Farm Workers Movement. | Chavez was the leader and a founder of the UFWM. It was a union for farmers that used non-violent methods to achieve the goals of UFWM. They wanted higher wages and other benefits. |
| What was Rachel Carson's impact on the environment? | Carson wrote the book Silent Spring and it was about the harms/dangers to the environment from pesticides. |
| Describe Richard Nixon’s opening to China. | One of Nixon’s successes. He was the first President to visit China and he hoped to put China on our side/take advantage of a 10-year standoff between China and the Soviet Union. |
| Discuss Nixon’s resignation due to Watergate. | There was an attempted to cover-up of the burglary of the Democratic Party’s headquarters. The crime was committed by Nixon’s re-election team and then he made efforts to try and cover it up. He resigned before he could be impeached. |
| Discuss the changing attitudes towards the government, especially during the time of Gerald Ford. | Pardoned Nixon which angered the American people. |
| Discuss Carter’s actions with the Camp David Accords. | C=C. He negotiated a peace agreement between the Egyptian president and the Israeli prime minister in 1978 at Camp David. |
| Discuss Carter’s response to the Iranian Hostage Crisis. | Carter allowed the old leader to seek medical treatment in America this angered the revolutionaries in Iran who in-turn invaded the U.S. embassy taking 52 Americans hostage. It lasted 444 days. |
| Describe Reaganomics. | Reagan’s economic policy. This plan included budget cuts, tax cuts, and increase defense spending. He cut social welfare budgets which in-turn hurt poor Americans. This led to a severe recession. |
| What was the Iran-Contra Scandal? | Reagan sold weapons to Iran to help fund a rebel group (Contra) in Nicaragua. |
| Discuss the collapse of the Soviet Union. | Gorbachev tried to keep up with US spending and couldn’t, he also tried to set up policies that allowed freedoms of speech, press, and other freedoms. It collapsed and became 11 different countries. |
| Discuss the impeachment and trial of Bill Clinton. | Second President to be impeached. He was charged with perjury and obstruction of justice. |
| Analyze the 2000 presidential election and the role of the Electoral College. | Bush won 271 Electoral College votes and Gore won 266. Americans vote but the Electoral College actually determines the outcome. Supreme Court said no to recount |
| Analyze the response of George Bush to the 9/11 | Patriot Act -hold foreign citizens suspected of being terrorists with no charge. Looking for al-Qaeda network Department of Homeland Security created Invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq (captured S. Hussein but no weapons of mass destruction) |
| What was the significance of the 2008 presidential election? | Barack Obama becomes the first minority president defeating John McCain. |
Created by:
blount19