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Res 202 final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many electron will calcium gain or lose when it forms an ion | lose 2 |
| How many electrons will nitrogen gain or lose when it forms an ion | gain 3 |
| The ion that is the main electrolyte in the intercellular fluid of the body is the | potassium ion |
| The most abundant electrolyte in the blood is the | sodium ion |
| Calcium is needed in the body for | the bones and teeth |
| The total charge on an ionic compound is | 0 |
| With respect to a physiological saline solution, a salt solution having a concentration of 1.2% is | hypertonic |
| With respect to a physiological saline solution, a salt solution having concentration of 0.7% | hypotonic |
| In a molecule with covalent bonding | the atoms are held together by sharing electrons |
| In a compound with ionic bonding | it is held together by the force of attration between oppositely charged ions |
| A convalently bonded group of atoms with a net positive or negative charge is an | polyatomic ion |
| The movement of water from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentreation is called | osmosis |
| A solution having a lower concentration than found in the cells of the body is called an | hypotonic solution |
| A solution having a higher concentration than found in the cells of the body is called an | hypertonic solution |
| The shrinking of blood cells placed in a hypertonic solution is called | crenation |
| A salt solution with a concentration of 0.9% is | none of the above |
| The quantitative term in chemistry realted to Avogardo's number of particles of a substance is | mole |
| One way to transport oxygen from the lungs to the cells is by | using hemoglobin |
| what is the charge on a neutral atom if it loses 3 electrons | +3 |
| According to the kinetic theory, particles of a gas | undergo elastic collsions |
| The collisions of gas molecules against the wall of a container is called | pressure |
| Inflating a balloon by forcing air into it is an example of | Avagardro's Law |
| When you increase the absolute temperature of a gas, your | increase the average kinetic energy of the molecules |
| A celsius temperature of 33 c is equal to a kelvin temperature of | 306 K |
| According to Boyle's law, the volume of a gas will__________ when the __________ increases | Decrease, pressure |
| Inspiration, breathing in, is caused by: | Increasing the volume of the chest cavity, which decreases the pressure in the chest cavity |
| When a person exhales | Decreasing the volume of the chest cavity which increases the pressure in the chest cavity |
| According to Gay-Lussac's law, if you would double the absolute temperature of a gas at a constant volume, the pressure would: | Double |
| The total pressure in a mixture of gases is equal to the | sum of the partial pressures of all the gases in the mixture |
| A patient is receving oxygen with a mixture of gases. If the percent of oxygen is 30 %, and the total pressure of the mixture is 680 mm Hg, what is the partial pressure of the oxygen? | 204 mm Hg |
| A tank contains nitrogen gas at 520 mm Hg, helium gas at 120 mm Hg, and neon gas at 240 mm Hg. What is the total pressure of the gas | 880 mm Hg |
| The actual weight of water vapor contained in a given amount of gas is | the absoulte humidity |
| The actual amount of water vapor compared to the amount of water vapor that a gas can hold at a given temperature is called | the relative humidity |
| The movement of gas from an area high concentration of that gas to an area of low concentration of that gas is called | diffusion |
| Gases diffuse from an area of __________ concentration to an area of __________ concentration | high, low |
| Which of the following correctly describes the partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood | low oxygen, high carbon dioxide |
| The solution of a gas in a liquid is directly related to the pressure of the gas above the liquid is a statement of | Henry's law |
| The solubility of a gas in a liquid | increases as the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid increases |
| For a chemical reaction to take place between reactants, they must | collide with proper orientation and have sufficient energy to react |
| Increasing the concentration of the reactants increases the rate of a reaction because | it increases the probability of a properly oriented collision |
| Decreasing the temperature of a reactant will cause the rate of reaction to | decrease |
| Addition of a catalyst will cause the rate of reaction to | increase |
| The names for catalysts that are found in the body is | enzymes |
| Which of the following shouldn't you give to a person suffering from hypothermia? | alcohol |
| Which of the following is a characteristic of an acid | sour taste, produce hydrogen ions in solution, turn litmus red (all of the above) |
| Which of the following is a characteristic of a base? | turn litmus blue |
| In a basic solution | the concentration of OH is greater than the H concentration |
| Which of the following substances in solution are acidic | HCL |
| A solution with a pH of 9 is | basic |
| Acids that ionize 100% in aqueous solution are called | strong acids |
| The average pH of the blood is | 7.4 slightly basic |
| A patient with a blood pH of 7.6 has | alkalosis |
| The chief buffer system in the blood is the | carbonate buffer system |
| In the carbonate buffer system,__________ reacts with any excess hydroxide ions | carbonic acid H2CO3 |
| When concentration of carbonic acid increases it decomposes into | H2O and CO2 |
| Which of the following is a characterisitic of organic compounds | insoluble in water, easily decomposed by heat, react very slowly (all of the above) |
| A hydrocarbon consists of | carbon and hydrogen only |
| A hydrocarbon compound that has single covalent bonds is called a | alkane |
| Which of the following compounds is an alkane? | CH3CH2CH3 |
| A hydrocarbon with one or more double covalent bonds is a | alkene |
| Which of the following compounds is a alkene | CH2=CH2 |
| An unsaturated hydrocarbon | has one or more carbon-carbon double bonds |
| A carbohydrate that consists of a single sugar molecule is called | a monosaccharide |
| A carbohydrate that consists of many sugar molecules is called | a polysaccharide |
| Glucose is sometimes referred to as | blood sugar |
| The normal concentration of glucose in the blood is | 70 to 100 mg/100ml of blood |
| A glucose concentration of greater than 100mg/100ml is called | hyperglycemia |
| The presence of glucose in the urine is called | glucosuria |
| A person with type O blood can donate blood to a person with which blood type | A, B, AB, (any of above) |
| A person with type AB blood can receive blood from a person with which blood type | A, B, O, (any of the above) |
| Which of the following is a disaccharide | sucrose |
| Hydrolysis of starch produce | glucose |
| The storage form of glucose in animals is | glycogen |
| A plant or animal product that is soluble in nonpolar solvents are called | lipids |
| Saponifia lipids are | made up of esters |
| Nonsaponifiable lipids are | made up of the steroid nucleus |
| Fats have a higher percent of | saturated fatty acids |
| The only difference between the structures of different amino acids is | the side chain group G |
| The arrangement of the atoms in the general formula of the amino acids is | N-C-COOH |
| Amino acids that cannot be sythesized in the body are called | essential amino acids |
| The process of hydrolysis results in | the convalent bonds that hold the amino acids together are broken |
| The disorganization of the protein structure in such a manner as to render the protein incapable of performing it function is called | denaturation |
| Heat denatures proteins by | causing the protein molecules to vibrate violently |
| A globular protein found in the blood that carries molecules not soluble in the blood is | albumin |
| The active catalytic site is | the place on the enzyme where the reactions takes place |
| Enzymes are | proteins that are catalysts within the body |
| The reactant in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is | the substrate |
| coenzymes are | vitamins |
| The inactive form of an enzyme is called an | zymogen |
| The presence of higher than normal levels of GPT in the blood indicates | a possible liver damage or infection |
| Why would a doctor check for high levels of GPT in the blood after a gallbladder operation | see if the liver was damaged during the operation |
| The kingdom of one-celled organisms is called | protista |
| Hospital-aquired infections are called | nosocomial infections |
| __________ infections occur in people with compromised immune systems | opportunistic |
| The process in which bacteria cells reproduce the cells, splitting and forming two daughters cells from a single parent cell is called | binary fission |
| Which of the following is the correct name for the named bacteria | staphylococcus aureus |
| High resistant forms of bacteria that develop in response to adverse environmental conditions are called | spores |
| The term staphylococcus refers to cocci bacteria | in a bunch like grapes |
| Streptococcus refers to cocci bacteria | in long chains |
| The type of bacteria stain that produces information about the compostition of the cell wall is an | differential stain |
| The sensitivity portion of the culture and sensitivity test is used to determine | the most effective antibiotic for treatment |
| If more than one organism is found in a culture, the culture is called a | mixed culture |
| A qualitative sensitivity test that uses the different antibiotics on a paper disk placed on the culture medium is called | disk diffusion method |
| The ___________ determines the killing activity of a microbial | minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) |
| Which of the following are problems produced by toxins released by bacteria | destruction of body tissues, destruction of blood cells, inhibition of ribosomes (all of the above) |
| Antibiotics that inhibit the replication of microorganism and prevent the growth of organisms without desetroying them are called | bacteriostatic agents |
| A bacterium that needs oxygen to survive is classified as an | aerobic bacterium |
| A ___________ contains no organelles and is basically a protein coat that covers DNA or RNA strand | virus |
| Viruses cause disease by | Destroying the host cell and making a favorable environment for the development of a secondary bacterial infection |
| The method of viral detection that involves the detection of the antigen of the virus is called | direct detection |
| A __________ is an organism that lives in or on a host's expense | parasite |
| The dormant form of a parasite is called a | cyst |
| Fungal infections are most likely to develop in people | with an impaired immune system or other underlying disease |
| Which of the following diseases is caused by bacteria | rheumatic fever |
| Which of the following diseases is caused by a fungus | thrush |
| Which of the following diseases is caused by a parasite | malaria |
| actively growing organisms are called | vegetative organisms |
| a dormant protective state if an organism is referred to as a | spore |
| The presence of microorganisms with a tissue reaction is called | an infecion |
| Contamination is | the presence of microorganisms without a tissue reaction |
| The process that eliminates vegetative, pathogenic microorganisms from an inanimate object is called | disinfection |
| A 10 degrees C increase in temperature will | double the killing rate |
| Immersion in boiling water for 15 minutes is not considered a true sterilization process because it | is ineffectual against many bacteria and fungal spores |
| The action of an alcohol used as a disinfectant is | to disorganize the pathogen's lipid structure of the cell membrane |
| Acetic acid's (vinegar) disinfectant action is due to its | acidity, which denatures the cell's proteins |
| Which of the following is not a factor for the proper sterilization using ethylene oxide (ETO) | the object being a liquid |
| Which of the following is not a disadvantage of using gamma radiation to sterilize substances | It generates excessive heat |
| The mode of disinfectant action for phenols is that they | cause cell leakage and inactivate enzymes in the cell membrane |
| Which of the following is not a portal of entry for infectious agents | the fingernails |
| A reservoir of infection is | an individual who is a carrier of a disease but possesses no disease symptoms |
| Which of the following diseases could be caused by a bacterial infection of a wound? | tetanus |
| A clostridium difficle infection of the gastrointestinal tract causes | diarrhea |
| A candida albicans infection of the genitourinary tract causes | vaginitis |
| several people who ate at a salad bar at a restaurant develop E coil infection. This is an example of which of the following transmission? | common vehicle |
| A person sitting next to you has the flu and sneezes but doesn't cover his nose. The next day you come down with the flu. The route of transmission is | airborne |
| A rat climbs out of sewer near a picnic area and walks over some cookies unnoticed. A person ate a cookie. This is an example of | vector-mechanical route of transmission |
| A person develops lyme disease from a tick bite, the route of transmission is | vector transmission |
| How long is it recommended that you wash your hands for? | 25 to 30 seconds |
| Which of the following is not a standard procedure when in contact with patients | You should wear gloves when in contact with any patient |
| You are assigned a patient in which there is a possibility for pathogen transmission by droplet spread or dust particle. The personal protective equipment you should wear when you enter the room would be | a HEPA filtered mask |
| Which of the following diseases could result from a bacteria infection of the respiratory system | Whooping Cough |
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