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Exam 3 Answers
Nervous and Muscular Systems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| During the concentric action of a leg curl, the hamstrings on the back of the leg lift the weight. What muscle group would lower the weight? (hip flexors, Quads, Glutes, Hamstrings) | Hamstrings |
| Smooth muscle fibers are striated (T/F) | False |
| This attaches muscles to bones | Tendons |
| The outermost layer of connective tissue surrounding the muscle cell is called | Epimysium |
| When a muscle is in its resting length, there is an optimal overlap of ________ and ________ to produce force | Actin and Myosin |
| Cardiac muscle cells are auto rhythmic (T/F) | True |
| Which of the following is NOT a major function of muscle tissue (moving blood through the body, generating heat through contractions, stopping the movement of joints, promoting movement of body structures, maintaining blood glucose) | Maintaining blood glucose |
| What is the property of a muscle that gives it the ability to shorten and generate force when excited (electrical excitability, elasticity, contractibility, extensibility, thermogenesis) | Extensibility |
| What are the three parts of the brain stem | Hypothalmus, cerebrum, mid-brain |
| What part of the cerebrum takes sensory information and interprets and categorizes it | Association areas |
| Which of the following is true concerning the hypothalamus (It is the main control of the somatic nervous system, it controls behaviors such as the desire to eat and drink, it controls the release of numerous hormones from the pituitary gland) | All of them |
| Which areas of the brain participates in conscious control of movement (cerebellum, motor cortex of the cerebrum, basal ganglia) | All of them |
| What is the correct order of the components in the reflex arc | Receptor, sensory neuron, integrating center, motor neuron, effector |
| One type of neurotransmitter is norepinepherine (T/F) | True |
| Large groups of nerve cell bodies that are located outside the central nervous system are called ganglion (T/F) | True |
| This part of the skeletal muscle cell releases calcium when stimulated by the T-Tubules | Terminal cisterns of sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| The somatic nervous system does what | Provides motor signals and conscious control to skeletal muscles |
| Which of the following occurs during the fight or flight response (constriction of pupils, bradycardia, increase blood glucose levels, bronchocontriction, increased urine formation) | Bronchoconstriction |
| The peripheral nervous system (includes the brain and spinal cord, may be divided into somatic and autonomic nervous system, is only involved with unconscious activities) | May be divided into somatic and autonomic nervous system |
| Which are of the following are functions of muscle tissues (producing movements of the body, stabilizing body positions, storing and moving substances within the body, generating heat) | All of them |
| When performing a lift, such as a bench press, for several repetitions which of these types of muscle contractions are involved (eccentric, concentric, isometric) | All of them |
| Skeletal muscle fibers that are smallest in diameter and thus are the least powerful type of muscle fibers are called | Slow oxidative fibers |
| In an eccentric action the muscle develops tension and (lengthens, shortens, neither lengthen or shorter, does not conduct electrical current) | Lengthens |
| What is needed in the muscle cell for a skeletal muscle contraction cycle to continue (Ca2+, ATP, Potassium) | ATP and Ca2+ |
| Which of the following exhibits autorhythmicity (cardiac muscle fibers, actin fibers, slow twitch muscle fibers, intermediate fibers) | Cardiac Muscle Fibers |
| A single nerve impulse in a somatic motor neuron elicits a single muscle action potential in all of the skeletal muscle fibers with which it forms synapses (T/F) | True |
| This is a brief contraction of all muscle fibers in a motor unit in response to a single action potential | Muscle Twtich |
| The two tracts of the spinal cord are | Sensory and Motor |
| What branch of the nervous system would cause pupil dilation, airway dilation, and increase in blood pressure | Sympathetic nervous system |
| The parasympathetic system has been called the (fight or flight system, rest and digest system, digestive system nervous system) | Rest and digest System |
| This part of the brain controls many homeostatic measures through centers located in the brain stem | Hypothalmus |
| Individuals with hypertension are sometimes given beta blockers which block receptors for this part of the nervous system (sympathetic, parasympathetic, enteric, somatic) | Sympathetic |
| Which mechanoreceptors detect rate and intensity of muscle stretch (osmoreceptors, golgi tendon organs, nociceptors, muscle spindles, pacinian corpuscles) | Muscle Spindles |
| Which mechanoreceptors detect rate and intensity of muscle tension (osmoreceptors, golgi tendon organs, nociceptors, muscle spindles, pacinian corpuscles) | Golgi Tendon Organs |
| This part of the brain acts as a comparator, comparing actual to intended movements | Cerebellum |
| The ability of a muscle issue to stretch without being damaged is | Extensibility |
| What type of muscle type always contracts first | Slow Twitch Oxidative |
| Transverse Tubules | Tiny pockets of the sarcolemma that extend into the muscle cell and are filled with Extracellular Fluid |
| This type of memory is used to remember a phone number for the minute or so from the time you look at it, up until you dial it | Short Term |
| Increasing the number of active motor units is called | Motor Unit summation or Motor unit recruitment |
| A motor unit in muscle that is responsible for precise movements requiring small contractions will have relatively (many muscle fibers per nerve, few muscle fibers per nerve, the number of muscle fibers per nerve is unimportant) | Few muscle fibers per nerve |
| Under which conditions can muscle fibers generate the most tension and force | When fibers have an overlap of thick and thin filaments that is close to their resting length |
| Cardiac muscle cells transfer electrical depolarization signals from cell to cell through voltage gated channels (T/F) | False |
| Fastest twitch muscle (Type I, Type IIa, Type IIb) | Type IIb |
| Most resistant to fatigue (Type I, Type IIa, Type IIb) | Type I |
| Intermediate fatigability rate and twitch speed | Type IIa |
| Voluntary (Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth) | Skeletal |
| Not striated (skeletal, cardiac, smooth) | Smooth |
| Always has just one nucleus (skeletal, cardiac, smooth) | Smooth |
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brianamikel
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