Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Sed Lab Final
yikes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| quartz sand | suggests quartz ss provenance. type of quartz ss depends on % of quartz in sand. look for rounding, sorting, and textural maturity. |
| feldspar sand | Indicative of continental block provenance (craton interior, transitional, uplifted basement) |
| lithic fragments sand | chunks of stuff mixed together. type of lithic fragment indicates provenance. Indicates magmatic arc provenance (undissected, transitional, dissected) |
| volcanic rock fragments (sand) | will contain basalt, olivine, vesicular materials. Magmatic arc. |
| granitic rock fragments (sand) | will contain micas, feldspars, quartz. Magmatic arc. |
| muscovite sand | suggests muscovite schist provenance |
| biotite sand | suggests biotite schist or gneissic provenance |
| carbonate sands (ooids, bioclasts) | suggest shallow marine provenance |
| conglomerate/breccia | suggests alluvial or fluvial processes. chunks of rocks inside of rocks - rockception. |
| • quartz arenite | sandstone composed of greater than 90% detrital quartz, with limited amounts of other framework grains |
| • feldspathic arenite/arkose | "dirty sandstone" Just know that it's full of feldspar |
| • lithic arenite | sandstone made of 90% lithic fragments |
| • quartz wacke | sandstone with 15% matrix, grains mainly quartz |
| • feldspathic wacke | sandstone with 15% matrix, grains mainly feldspars |
| • lithic wacke | sandstone with 15% matrix, grains mainly lithic fragments |
| shale/mudstone | gray to brown, hella fine grained, RUB IT ON YOUR TEETH GO AHEAD DO IT, formed in rivers and deltas and shit |
| chert | Often in limestones. No fizzing when acid is dropped on it |
| Folk | • Micrite • Biomicrite • Biosparite • associated oo-, intra-, and pel- (micrites or sparites) • biolithite |
| Dunham | • Mudstone • Wackestone • Packstone • Grainstone • Boundstone |
| • Micrite (Folk) | Over 2/3 lime mud matrix, claystone/0-10% allochems |
| • Biomicrite (Folk) | Over 2/3 lime mud matrix, sandy claystone to clayey or immature sandstone/10+% allochems, has a good amount of shells and shit in it |
| • Biosparite (Folk) | Over 2/3 sparry calcite cement |
| • associated oo-, intra-, and pel- (micrites or spa rites) (Folk) | Oo-s have ooids in them. Basically micrites are fine grained lime mud, whereas sparites are thick grained lime cement. Intra-s are things with little clasts in them. Bio-s are anything with fossils in them. And pel-s are ones with teeny round pellets |
| • biolithite (Folk) | Is a mixy one with mud and cement mixed together. It's an autochthonous reef rock. |
| • Mudstone (Dunham) | Depositional texture recognizable, original components not bound during deposition, contains mud, mud-supported, less than 10% grains |
| • Wackestone (Dunham) | Depositional texture recognizable, original components not bound during deposition, contains mud, mud-supported, more than 10% grains |
| • Packstone (Dunham) | Depositional texture recognizable, original components not bound during deposition, contains mud, grain-supported (grains are touching, not floaty) |
| • Grainstone (Dunham) | Depositional texture recognizable, original components not bound during deposition, lacks mud and is grain-supported (grains are touchy not floaty) |
| • Boundstone (Dunham) | Depositional texture recognizable, original components bound during deposition, shown by intergrown skeletal material, lamination goes against gravity, or if theres a big hunk of fossil in there holding it together and its too big to just be grains or w/e |
| bryozoan | Can look like a twig with little holes in it, a corkscrew plant thing, or a thin 'lacy' sponge thing. Pz - present. Most abundant ort-perm. Spiral is extinct. |
| brachiopod | Looks like a clammy thing except fatter and if you turn it in profile view it looks like it's smiling (kinda curved by hinge). Late Pz - now. Most abundant in Pz. Not the same as bivalves which are also symmetrical in profile |
| bivalve | Like a clammy dude or whatever. A mollusk. Cambrian - today. Most abundant in Mz. Like a scallop, or an oyster. Bilateral symmetry |
| gastropod | THE MAGIC CONCH! From Pz to today. Most abundant from Mid-K Mesozoic to today. Heliocoid (different from gastropods which coil in a plane) |
| cephalopod | • ammonite - like gary the snail. Sliced longways, chamber curve (suture) is squiggly and convoluted. Mz-Cz • nautiloid - only one left is the Chambered Nautilus. If you slice it in half longways, the suture trough points toward opening. Pz-Cz |
| corals | • rugose (ugly one - looks like poop wrapped in gauze) • tabulate (looks like Triscuts) • schleractinian (like normal) |
| crinoids | Like a little underwater palm tree. Very rare that we see anything but the stem, which looks like a little pony bead seen from the front. Echinoderm. Late O-today/perm. free swimming |
| other echinoderms | Echinoid. Looks like a sharp little skeletal bubble. Like I feel like I'm gonna break it. late ort-today. Ex: sea urchin, sand dollar. 5-fold symmetry. |
| trilobites | little buggy guys. Technically arthropods. Early cam-late perm. Crustaceans and arachnids are also arthropods. |
| graptolites | ordovician. they're shaped like half a barrette from the side. I don't even know how else to describe them. |
| Current ripples | asymmetrical, shows unidirectional flow. steep side is the side that the current is coming from. |
| Wave ripples | symmetrical, shows push-pull flow. indicates mid-range marine environment. |
| planar lamination | small scale layers on top of each other. like bedding but teenysmall |
| bedding | alternation of layers between different compositions |
| cross-lamination | like teenysmall cross bedding. they're diagonal. and they show paleocurrent direction. so they dip toward the direction the current is coming from. Example: --> \\\\\\\\\ |
| cross-bedding | Horizontal beds with inclined layers. Also paleocurrent indicator, but for much higher energy flows than cross lamination. Ex: //////<- |
| cross-stratification | Found in sandstones, indicative of storms. Okay it's kind of like U shaped laminated layers cross-cutting one another. only formed at a depth of water below fair-weather wave base and above storm-weather wave base |
| hummocky cross-stratification | on the ~5m scale. Hummocks and swales. look kind of like hella big dunes. formed by BIG STORMS |
| herringbone cross-stratification | Cross bedding where the inclined bits are alternating opposite directions in each layer. found in tidal areas with bidirectional flow |
| flaser bedding | flasers of clay inside of matrix of sand. like on a tidal flat/intertidal zone |
| lenticular bedding | lenticles of sand inside a matrix of clay. usually high-energy like tidal, but sometimes on point bars. clay deposited during slacktides. |
| mudcracks | happen on the surface of drying muddy materials. usually on flood planes or abandoned deltas/river beds. |
| imbrication | standing-up long pebbles point to the direction the flow is going (pointing away from flow direction) |
| sole marks | the point of the V points to the direction flow is coming from. paleocurrent indicator. usually at the bottom of a sedimentary sequence. Includes flute and groove marks |
| prod marks | A short tool mark oriented parallel to the current and gradually deepening downcurrent. Also known as impact mark. Looks more like a groove cast |
| flute marks | typical looking sole marks, maybe a little rounder. |
| stromatolites | layered bio-chemical accretionary structures formed in shallow water by the trapping, binding and cementation of sedimentary grains by biofilms of microorganisms, especially cyanobacteria. biolithe |
| fenestral fabric | when you're looking at something with lenticular bedding - some of the lenticles are infilled with little sandy sediment & thats the fenestral fabric |
| biogenic sedimentary structures | • Skolithos • Bioturbation (looks like ugly jumbled flute marks) |
| sylolites | formed by pressure dissolution - talked about also in structure |
| geopetal fabrics | the "up" direction indicators we observed - cement/mud layers in what had been openings in the rock - sheet cracks was the example, also visible in some other openings (e.g., fenestrae, shells) |
Created by:
haleyBUGoxox
Popular Earth Science sets