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Ch 27
The Reproductive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where "N" equals the numbe of sets of chromosomes, from either the male or female parent, then, "1N+1N" symbolizes the process of | fertilization |
| "2N-->1N" symbolizes the process of | meiosis |
| This thin single layer muscle surrounds the spermatic cords and testes and is responsible for raising and lowering the testes in the scrotum as a method of temperture regulation | cremaster muscle |
| These cells nurture the developing sperm cells as they undergo meiosis and early maturation within the wall of the seminiferous tubules | Sertoli cells |
| This skin structure covers and protects the testes | scrotum |
| This structure is the site of sperm cell production | seminiferous tubules |
| These cells secrete testosterone | Leydig cells |
| Meiosis occurs within the wall of this structure | seminifeous tubule |
| This hormone stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone | LH |
| This hormone produced in the hypothalamus inititates the secretion of LH and FSH from the anterior pituitary in males | GnRH |
| The function of the epididymus is | to allow sperm to mature |
| This structure is formed by the union of the duct from the seminal vesicle and the vas deferens | ejaculatory duct |
| These are posterior to the bladder and anterior to the rectum and secretes an alkaline, fructose-filled fluid that is a component of semen | seminal vesicles |
| This is composed of three cylindrical masses of erectile tissue with each cylinder surrounded by a fibrous tissue | penis |
| This hormone promotes spermatogenesis | testosterone |
| This muscle controls the tightness of the skin of the scrotum and assists in temperture regulation of the testes | dartos |
| Which of the following contains the ducts, nerves, bood, and lymphatic vessles serving the testes | spermatic cord |
| Which structure has a portion removed in a vasectomy | ductus deferens |
| This is the site for implantation of a previously fertilizec ovum | uterus |
| A weakening in the abdominal wall in the iinguinal regioin in males may resul in this condition | hernia |
| Which of the following functions in both uinary and reproductive systems in the male | urethra |
| The erectile body of the penis that surrounds the urethra is the | corpus spongiosum |
| The corpus luteum secretes | progesterone and estrogens |
| Sperm cells swim by means of | flagella |
| The cells formed at the end of meiosis ini males are called | spermatids |
| The daily production of sperm cels in the testes is about | 300 million |
| In the male, the protein hormone inhibin is produced by the ___ and inhibits secretion of ___ | Sertoli cells; FH |
| The portion of the ovary that contains the ovarian follicles is the | cortex |
| After ovulation, the ___ develops into the ___: | mature follicle, corpus luteum |
| What is produced by the ovaries | secondary oocytes, estrogen and progesterone |
| This is the usual site of fertilization | uterine tubes |
| This is the portion of the uterus that opens into the vagina | cervix |
| This hormone triggers ovulation | LH |
| This is secreted by the corpus luteum after ovulation | progesterone |
| At birth, hundreds of thousands of oogonia are present in each ovary, but only about ___ of these will mature and ovulate during the life of a female | four hundred |
| In the ovary, oocytes begin meiosis | during fetal development |
| The open,, funnel-shaped portion of the uterine tube is called the | infundibulum |
| A Pap smear is a test performed to detect | cancer of the cervix |
| A hysterectomy is the | surgical removal of the uterus |
| The stratum basalis of the uterus | repeatedly gives rise to a new stratum functionalis after each menstruation |
| The acidity of the vagina is due to | breakdown of glycogen that produces organic acids |
| The smaller hairless folds that are lateral to the vaginal opening are the | labia minora |
| The milk secreting glands in the breast are called | alveoli |
| Increases the flexibility of the pubic symphysis near the end of pregnancy | relaxin |
| An over-the-counter test is now available for purchase that indicated ovulation. This test measures the levels of | LH |
| Low levels of progesterone result in | menstruation |
| Oral contraceptive pills contain estrogens and progestin that | inhibit the release of FSH and LH |
| Menarche is | the first meses |
| These are ciliated, fingerlike projections that drape over and sweep the surface of the ovary during ovulation ensuring that the oocyte enters the uterine tube | fimbiae |
| The surge in the release of this hormone triggers ovulation | LH |
| Spermatogenesis is inhibited by normal body temperatures in mammals | True |
| The male and female gonads in humans are identified sperm cells and eggs | False |
| One would expect the testes to hang lower in the scrotal sac when the outside temperature is cold | False |
| The testes normally descend into the scrotal sac before birth | True |
| The head of a sperm cell contains a condensed nucleus that has one set of chromosomes | True |
| Inhibin is a hormone produced by Leydig cells. Inhibin inhibits the secretion of LH | False |
| Inhibin is a hormone produced by Sertoli cells. Inhibin inhibits the secretion of FSH | True |
| Leydig cells secrete androgens and are located between the seminiferous tubules | True |
| The ductus deferens can store sperm and propels them toward the urethra during ejaculation | True |
| The prostate gland secretes a constituent of semen that contributes to sperm motility | True |
| The overall pH of semen is alkaline | True |
| Without the expression of the SRY gene, the default sex of a human is female | True |
| The myometrium is a thick layer of skeletal muscle layer in the uterus | False |
| The mammary glands are modified sweat glands | True |
| Milk production is stimulated by prolactin, estrogens, and progesterone. Milk ejection is stimulated by oxytocin | True |
| Normally, the uterine tubes move either secondary oocyte or a fertilized ovum toward the uterus | True |
| The uterine and ovarian cycles are controlled by GnRH from the hypothalamus, which stimulates the release of FSH and LH by anterior pituitary | True |
| The hormone, relaxin, enhances the contractions of the myometrium of the uterus at the possible time of implantation | False |
| A "pregnancy" is defined as the successful production of a zygote | False |
| A surge of this hormone initiates ovulation and may be accompanied by the pain known as "mittelschmerz" an increase in body temperature, and a change to a clear, "stretchy" cervical mucus | True |
| Nitric oxide causes smooth muscle fibers within the erectile tissues of the penis to contract during an erection | False |
| The primordial germ cells that will give raise to the sex cells of the next generation arise from the yolk sac of the early embryo | True |
| Moves sperm from the ductus deferens in preparation for ejaculation; often refers to the parts of the urethra that conducts semen during ejaculation | Ejaculatory duct |
| The supporting cutaneous structure containing testes | Scrotum |
| The shared tube of the urinary system that conducts urine or semen to the outside | Urethra |
| Duct that is between epididymus an ejaculatory ducts that can store sperm; is cut during a vasectomy | Ductus deferens |
| Site of spermatogenesis | Seminiferous tubules |
| Site of sperm maturation and storage | Epipdidymus |
| Moves testes toward or away from abdominal wall | Cremaster muscle |
| The male copulatory organ | Penis |
| Produces an alkaline section containing fructose; secretion makes up most of the seminal fluid | Seminal vesicles |
| Supports and protects developing spermatogenic cells; secretes inhibin; forms testis/blood barrier | Sertoli cells |
| Supporting structure containing ductus deferens, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and the cremaster muscle | Spermatic cord |
| Cells between seminiferous tubules that produce testosterone | Leydig cells |
| Surrounds urethra beneath urinary bladder; produces seminal secretions that contribute to sperm viability and motility | Prostate gland |
| Sperm producing cells | Spermatogenic cells |
| Produces and secretes an alkaline substances often before ejaculation that helps in copulatory lubrication and neutralization of vaginal acidity | Bulbourethral glands |
| A small cylindrical mass of erectile tissue and nerves in the female that is analogous to the male penis | Clitoris |
| Refers to the external genitalia of the female | Vulva |
| The female copulatory organ becomes part of the birth canal | Vagina |
| Muscular layer of the uterus that is responsible for expulsion of the fetus from the uterus | Myometrium |
| The group of the cells that nourish the developing oocyte and begin to secrete estrogens | Follicular cells |
| The site of menstruation or implantation of a fertilized ovum | Uterus |
| Produces progesterone, estrogens, relaxin, and inhibin | Corpus luteum |
| Modified sudoriferous glands involved in lactation | Mammary gland |
| The layer of the uterine lining that is partially shed during each monthly cycle | Endometrium |
| The usual site of fertilization and site of tubal ligation | Uterine tube |
| That part of the uterus that is closest to the vagina | Cervix |
| Anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production | Prolactin |
| Is secreted by the corpus luteum to maintain the uterine lining during the first trimester of pregnancy | Progesterone |
| Stimulates the initial secetion of estogens by growing follicles; promotes follicular growth | FSH |
| Promotes development of female reproductive structures; lowers blood cholesterol | Estrogens |
| Contributes to male sexual behavior; spermatogenesis, and libido | Androgens |
| Relaxes the uterus by inhibiting myometrial contractions during monthly cycles; increases flexibility of pubic symphysis during chilldbirth | Relaxin |
| Stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone in males and triggers ovulation in females | LH |
| Inhibits production of FSH by the anterior pituitary gland | Inhibin |
| Posterior pituitary hormone responsible for uterine contraction and release of milk from the mammary glands | Oxytocin |
| Stimulates male pattern of development; stimulates protein synthesis; contributes to sex drive | Testosterone |
| Maintains the corpus luteum during the first trimester of pregnancy | Human chorionic gonadotropin |
Created by:
lawalk
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