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Phys Spring 4 Lec 3
Posterior Pituitary, Part II
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the (2) hormones of the posterior pituitary? | ADH, oxytocin |
| Describe the hormones of the posterior pituitary/neurohypophysis | Peptides w/9 AAs; produced in large cell-bodied neurons; paraventricular & supraoptic nuclei; released from axon terminals into systemic veins in the posterior pituitary/neurohypophysis |
| What is another name for the posterior pituitary? | Neurohypophysis |
| Where are the posterior pituitary hormones synthesized? | 1. Supraoptic nucleus, 2. Paraventricular nucleus |
| Where is the supraoptic nucleus located? | Dorsal to the optic nerve & posterior to the suprachiasmatic nucleus |
| Where is the paraventricular nucleus located? | In the dorsal hypothalamus |
| What stimulates ADH release? | 1. Osmoreceptors that detect high osmolarity plasma (as in dehydration) inc firing rate; 2. greatly dec stretch of atrial & other baroreceptors (significant blood vol loss (15-20%) stimulates 50-100x ADH release) |
| What inhibits ADH release? | Osmoreceptors that detect low osmolarity plasma dec ADH release, resulting in diuresis |
| What are the (3) fxns of ADH? | 1. Open pores for water retention in kidney collecting ducts, 2. contracts glomerular cells, reducing filtration, 3. Constricts arteries and arterioles (hence name vasopressin) |
| What (2) things contribute to maintaining blood pressure with dec blood vol? | Water retention and vasoconstriction |
| Describe the effects of ADH in the CNS | 1. Correlation of specific alleles of ADH receptor w/reported inc strength of marital bond; 2. gender-dependent analgesic effect; 3. ADH receptors in hypothalamic nuclei involved in aggression & BP regulation |
| Where in the CNS are oxytocin receptors abundant? | The amygdala |
| Describe the effects of using intranasal oxytocin | shows inc trust, empathy, and eye contact time; dec in social distance |
| What are the (2) major effects of oxytocin? | 1. Inc contraction strength of uterus; 2. Milk ejection |
| Describe oxytocin's effects during pregnancy | high estrogen levels of pregnancy greatly inc # of oxytocin receptors |
| Discuss uses of oxytocin | 1. Pitosin is used for induction & support of uterine contractions @ birth; 2. antagonists of oxytocin are used to dec uterine contractions & delay delivery |
| What stimulates oxytocin in milk release? | Infant sucking induces oxytocin secretion and milk release |
| What is the MOA of milk letdown? | Contracts cells around the alveoli of the mammary gland |
Created by:
hclark86
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