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Ch 26
Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How much of the total volume of body fluid is intracellular fluid | 2/3 |
| 80% of the extracellular fluid is | interstitial fluid |
| This occurs when water loss is greater than water gain | dehydration |
| Which of the following is used to promote water reabsorption by the kidneys | antidiuretic hormone |
| Water intoxication results from | dilute body fluids and a decrease in the osmolarity of interstitial fluids |
| Which of the following is a specific function of electrolytes in the body | carry electrical currents |
| In extracellular fluid the most abundant cation is | Na+ |
| In extracellular fluid is the most abundant anion is | Cl- |
| In intracellular fluid the most abundant cation is | K+ |
| The Na+ level in blood is controlled by | aldosterone |
| This occurs between RBC and blood plasma as the blood level of carbon dioxide increases or decreases | chloride shift |
| This is the most abundant mineral in the body | Calcium |
| PTH, calcitriol and calcitonin are | the main regulators of calcium in the blood |
| Buffer systems, exhaling carbon dioxide and excretion by the kidneys are all | ways to eliminate H+ |
| This is a condition where blood pH is below 7.35 | acidosis |
| Inadequate exhalation of carbon dioxide can cause | blood pH to decrease |
| This imbalance results when systemic arterial blood CO2 levels raise to abnormal values | respiratory acidosis |
| This is the most common cause of metabolic alkalosis | vomiting |
| This is the most common cause of transitory respiratory alkalosis | hyperventiliation |
| The rate of fluid intake and outtake is how much higher in an infant than in an adult | 7 times higher |
| The largest volume of body fluid is located | within cells |
| Bone, DNA, RNA, ATP, and cell membranes all have one thing in common | phosphate |
| Levels of which of the following are regulated by aldosterone | sodium |
| Electrolytes | dissociate into anions and cations |
| Reabsorption of sodium from the tubules of the nephron establishes an osmotic gradient that causes this to move back into the blood | water |
| The cerebrospinal fluid in the brain is classified as | extracellular fluid |
| Hyperventilation during a panic attack cause an increase in blood | partial pressure of CO2 |
| The oxygen atoms that we breath in are used immediately in aerobic respiration to make ATP and | H2O |
| ADH and aldosterone are hormones that regulate fluid loss | True |
| The primary way to increase body water is to increase the formation of metabolic water | False |
| Most buffers consist of a mixture of weak acid that can donate H+ and the salt of that weak acid that can accept H+. Through this action pH change is resisted due to increases and decreases in H+ concentration | True |
| An increase in blood volume will stimulate thirst | False |
| Albumin is a protein "buffer" in blood plasma | True |
| Changes in osmolarity and osmosis are the primary cause of water movements between various fluid compartments in the body | True |
| List four hormones that regulate urine production in the kidneys | ADH, aldosterone, angiotensin II, atrial naturetic peptide |
| Can be caused by oxygen deficiency at high altitude, stroke, or severe anxiety | Respiratory alkalosis |
| Can be caused by excessive vomiting of gastric contents, gastric suctioning, use of certain diuretics, severe dehydration or excessive intake of alkaline drugs | Metabolic alkalosis |
| An abdominal increase in the volume of interstitial fluid | Edema |
| Can occur during renal failure or destruction of body cells that release phosphates into the blood | Hyperphosphatemia |
| Can be caused by excessive water intake, excessive vomiting, or aldosterone deficiency | Hyponatremia |
| Can be caused by emphysema, pulmonary edema, injury to the respiratory center of the medulla oblongata, airway destruction, or disorders of the muscles of breathing | Respiratory acidosis |
| Can occur from hypoparathyroidism | Hypocalcemia |
| Can be caused by decreases potassium intake or kidney disease; results in muscle fatigue, increased urine output, changes in electrocardiogram | Hypokalemia |
| Condition that can occur as water moves out of plasma into interstitial fluid and blood volume decreases | Hypovolemia |
| Can be caused by excessive sodium in the diet or with dehydration | Hypernatremia |
| Occurs when water loss is greater than water gain | Dehydration |
| The swelling of cells due to water moving from plasma into interstitial fluid and then into cells | Water intoxication |
Created by:
lawalk
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