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SDScience Rock Cycle
Rocks, Minerals, and Soil Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define mineral | Naturally occurring, inorganic, must be solid (crystalline structure), must be a compound |
| Define the difference between quantitative and qualitative tests | Qualitative based on opinion and senses; quantitative based on numbers and equipment. |
| Define a rock | a naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals, or organic matter |
| Define extrusive | igneous rock that forms outside the earth on the surface |
| Define intrusive | igneous rock that forms inside the earth |
| Define erosion | movement of sediment by wind, rain, and air |
| Define weathering | wearing away of rocks and minerals |
| Define compaction | the packing of sediment |
| Define cementation | the hardening of sediment |
| Define sediment | bits of weathered rock |
| Why are qualitative tests both good and bad? | fast but inaccurate. |
| Why does a fossil have to be present in the original sedimentary rock so that a fossil can be found in a metamorphic rock? | metamorphic rock forms from igneous and sedimentary rock; igneous would burn the fossils. |
| Why can’t igneous and metamorphic rocks hold fossils? | too hot |
| Why are metamorphic rocks similar to Goldilocks? | the temperature and pressure have to be just right. |
| Igneous rock comes from volcanic activity. Where on earth’s surface would we have an area rich in igneous rocks? | near volcanoes |
| Why is the rock cycle called a cycle? | it’s never ending |
| Why do scientists describe igneous rocks as being fire born? | extremely hot rock |
| Intrusive rocks are trapped where in relation to earth’s surface? | underground |
| What type of igneous rock was the scientist trying to gather from Mount Nyiragongo volcano in Africa? | extrusive igneous rock since it was on the surface of earth. |
| Why do plants and soil need each other? | plants provide organic matter while soil provides nutrients. |
| What is bedrock? | solid rock layer under the soil |
| What 3 things determine the type of soil we have in Columbus, Ohio? | climate, bedrock, plant type. |
| Freeze-thaw cycle | water freezes, expands in the cracks, and then breaks the rock into smaller pieces; happening wherever there is cold and warm climates. |
| Wave motion | waves are notorious for rolling rocks along the bottom of the sea smashing them into other rocks and slowly breaking them down; happens along any shoreline. |
| Biological Weathering | Roots grow into the cracks of rocks pushing against the sides of the rocks much like the expanding ice in the freeze-thaw cycle. Eventually, the roots push hard enough that it snaps the rock in two; happens wherever plants grow. |
| Chemical | Many minerals react with water. As water strikes a rock, it can react causing the mineral to weaken or dissolve; happens with pollution and rainy areas. |
| Describe the difference between sand, silt, and clay in terms of their size. | sand is large particles; silt is small size particle; clay is extremely small particle. |
| How does sand and clay impact water drainage? | sand allows water to pass through while clay stops the water from moving. |
| Horizon A | refers to the upper layer of soil, nearest the surface. It is commonly known as topsoil. |
| Horizon B | layer of soil that has little or no organic matter; only way nutrients arrive here is by leaching from layer A. |
| Horizon C | consists mostly of weatherized big rocks; leaching may bring some minerals from horizon B down to this horizon. |
| Horizon O | Organic layer |
| Horizon R | Bedrock |
| Define/describe 4 ways that soil can be degraded. | over-use, poor farming techniques, overgrazing, erosion |
| Describe 6 different ways that farmers are conserving soil. | contour farming, contour plowing, contour terracing, crop rotation, wind break, conservation tillage |
Created by:
sdscience6
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