Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Skin Neoplasms
Skin and Soft Tissue Neoplasms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes = ? | * Freckles -- Lentigo -- Melanocytic Nevus -- Dysplastic Nevi -- Melanoma |
| Most common pigmented lesions of childhood = ? | * Freckle (Ephelis) - from increased melanin in basal keratinocytes..... * Due to HYPERTROPHY |
| Lentigo basics = ? | * Linear HYPERPLASIA of melanocytes.... * Does NOT darken when exposed to sunlight (is dark to begin with though) |
| Melanocytic Nevus (Mole) basics and what it is commonly confused with = ? | * Benign, and can come out during pregnancy... * Confused with Melanoma a good bit |
| Melanocytic Nevus Patho = ? | * Mutations in BRAF or NRAS |
| How the Melanocytic Nevus tumor stops growing ? | * Oncogene-induced senescence = get cellular arrest by p16 when BRAF/NRAS are out of whack |
| Maturation Sequence of Nondysplastic Melanocytic Nevi = ? | * Flat = when it forms at the EPI/DERMis Junction --> Junctional Nevus.... * Compound Nevus = at Junction AND in the DERMIS... * DERML NEVUS = all of it grows in the DERMIS |
| Histo of Junctional Type = ? | * small, flat, uniform, nests at the dermal-epidermal junction |
| Compound Type = ? | * raised, and more domed shape... * see intraepidermal and dermal nevus cells |
| Melanocytic Nevus Variants = ? | * Congenital nevus -- Blue nevus -- Spitz nevus -- Halo nevus -- Dysplastic nevus |
| Congenital Nevus = ? | * nevus cells are surrounded such structures such as hair follicles, dense nevus cells in the dermis, |
| Blue Nevus = ? | * Is a Dermal Lesion = is benign, but can reoccur |
| Spitz Nevus = ? | * DDx = Hemangioma... * Common in children.... * Histologically mimics MELANOMA... * See streaming down nests and hypergranulosis |
| Halo Nevus = ? | * Looks like a white patch, with a red dot in the middle of it... * Is from Lymphocytic infiltrate around nevus cells |
| Dysplastic Nevus = ? | * usu numerous and found on the back... * found at the epi/dermal junction... * See architectural changes and bridging... * PRECURSOR to MELANOMA |
| Dyplastic Nevus genes usu involved = ? | * CDK = cyclin dependent kinase |
| Melanoma basics = ? | * DEADLY if not caught early.... * Can arise not only from skin, but from mucosal surfaces |
| Melanoma Cx Features = ? | * Usu asymptomatic or may start with pain/itching.... * Most are >10mm at Dx.... * ABC's = Asymmetric, Irreg Borders, and Color Changes |
| Melanoma Histo = ? | * Has either a Radial Phase = Flat, wide growth OR Vertical Phase = Raised, that is due to increased mitosis (VERTICAL = Worst Prog.)... * |
| Signaling Pathways important in Melanoma = ? | * Cell Survival = mTOR Pathway (usu in non-sun exposed ppl)... * Cell Prolif = RAS/RAF Pathways (BRAF/NRAS) (sun exposed ppl) |
| Some Melanoma Prognostic Factors = ? | * Depth, Number of Mitoses, Growth Patterns, Tumor Regression/Progression |
| Merkel Cell Carcinoma = ? | * Neuroendocrine CA of the skin.... * rare, aggressive, common mets... * BIGGEST ISSUE = it may be rarer than Melanoma, but is TWICE as deadly |
| Morphology of Merkel cell Carcinoma = ? | * Raised/Indurated Ulcer looking lesion, with rolled edges.... * Histo: See lots of large blue cells |
| AEIOU of Merkel Call CA = ? | * Asymmetry, E ?, immunocomp?, older than 55, and UV exposure |
| Benign Epithelial Tumors = ? | * Seborrheic keratosis -- Acanthosis nigricans -- Fibroepithelial polyp (skin tag) |
| Seborrheic Keratosis mutations and is from ? | * Due to mutations in FGFR3 and is from tumor growth factor alpha.... * |
| Leser-Trelat sign = ? | * Large numbers of seborrheic keratosis appear as part of paraneoplastic syndrome (lots of them) |
| Seborrheic keratosis histo = ? | * well demarcated, coin like lesion, filled with dark keratin, and is composed of benign BASALOID cells thar produce the keratin layer and can get keratin horns |
| Actinic Keratosis = ? | * PRE-Malig epi lesion, from sun expose and exhibits hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis... * HIGH incidence in light skinned people... * Can get a CUTANEOUS HORN |
| Malignant Epidermal Tumors = ? | * Basal Cell Carcinoma -- Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
| Basal cell Carcinoma basics = ? | * Most common, slow growing, tends to be in sun exposed ppl and light skinned ppl... * Incidence rises in immunocomp ppl |
| BCC Morphology and Histo = ? | * Raised, Shiny, telangiectatic nodules .... * Histo = see nests of Basaloid cells and Artifactual retraction (BCC separates from the rest of the layers) |
| Gorlin syndrome = ? | * A nevoid BCC syndrome when we have basal cell nevi arising before the age of 20... * We see medulloblastoma, ovarian fibroma, palmar pits, and other things in these pts. |
| Patho of Gorlin Syn = ? | * Mutation in PTCH, and doesn't have SMO joined to it to keep it inhibited |
| Squamous cell carcinoma = ? | * 2nd most common skin CA.... * Higher in MEN.. * Usu detected when small and usu resectable |
| SqCC Morpho/Histo = ? | * can look like a scab... * see the typical squamous keratin pearls and intracellular bridges |
| Patho of SqCC = ? | * From UV Exposure (280-320nm) = formation of pyrimidine dimers (C-T bind instead of the normal A-T and C-G) |
| Tumors of the Dermis = ? | * Dermatofibroma (benign fibrous histiocytoma) -- DFSP (dermatofibrosarcoma protruberans) |
| Dermatofibroma = ? | * BENIGHN... * usu a Hx of Trauma, and arises on the legs of middle aged women... * looks like BCC without the vasc... * Histo = see well circumscribed prolif of collagen bundles and see the overlying hyperplasia of the epidermis |
| Soft Tissue Tumors = ? | * Fatty Tumors -- Fibrous tumors and Tumor like lesions -- Fibrohistiocytic Tumors -- Synovial sarcoma |
| Lipomas and Liposarcomas = ? | * Liposarcomas = see in DEEP tissues and in the retroperitoneum (pleomorphic is worst kind) |
| Fibrous Tumors and Tumor Like-Lesions = ? | * Reactive pseudosarcomatous proliferations -- Fibromatosis -- Fibrosarcoma |
| Reactive Pseudosarcomatous Proliferations types and basics = ? | * Nodular Fasciitis = painless, solid, benign, fast growing mass that has spindle fibers and RBCs in it..... * Myositis Ossificans = see bone growing the muscle after a trauma (young athletic ppl usu) |
| Fibromatoses = ? | * Superficial Fibromatosis = nodular or poorly defined broad fascicles of fibroblasts & myofibroblasts surrounded by abundant dense collagen (ex. Peyronies - penis curve).... * Deep-Seated Fibromatosis (Desmoid Tumors) = lg, reoccur if incomplete excision |
| Deep-Seated Fibromatosis genes = ? | * Mutations in APC or B, in those with or without underlying Gardner syndrome |
| Fibrosarcoma = ? | * Histology = Buzzword is Herringbone Pattern (spindle cells and TONS of mitosis) |
| Fibrohistiocytic Tumors = ? | * contain both fibroblast elements and macrophages.... * Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma and Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma |
| Synovial Sarcoma = ? | * Cell of origin is unclear and ppl usu 20-40... * usu in soft DEEP tissue,slow grower, and around the hip/knee (can be in neck too).... * Can be Monophasic = epi OR spindle cells only, OR Biphasic = BOTH epi and spindle cell |
| Synovial Sarcoma genes and important trait = ? | * from translocation in T(X,18) (p11;q11)... * Has a high chance to Mets to LUNG, LNs, and BONE |
Created by:
thamrick800
Popular Medical sets