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Nutrition Terminology

TermDefinition
metabolic rate the amount of energy expended in a given period, or the physical changes that occur in the body taht result in heat production
metabolism the physicological and biochemical process that promote growth and sustain life
fluid retention an accumlation of fluide in body tissues or body cavities
metabolic disorder a condition characterized by the body's inability to synthesize or process food into forms the body can use for energy, growth and development
hiatus hernia a condition in which the upper part of the stomach,which is joined to the esophagus or feeding tube moves up into the crest through a hole in the diaphragm.
dysphagia difficulty swallowing
Bard Button (MIC device) A feeding device permanently in the stomach to facilitate supplemental feedings
G Tube gastrostomy tube-inserted through an incision in the abdomen into the stomach
PEG Tube percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube a feeding tube inserted via endoscopy into the stomach
J Tube Jejunostomy Tube inserted into the small intestines
NG Tube nasogasteric tube inserted through the nose into the stomach
enteral feeding feeding by tube directly into the gastrointestinal system
gastric suction gentle suction applied to a tube placed in the stomach to remove excessive secretions such as saliva and gastric juices
bowel sounds the audible return of gastrointestinal movement (peristalsis) or BS x4 in all 4 abdominal quadrants
absorption taking up of liquids by solids or of gases by solids or liquids
calcium important for enzyme activation, blood clotting, acid balance, gives firmness to teeth and bones, is essential for lactation, the function of nerves and muscles
calories a unit of heat
carbohydrates one of the six classes of nutrients needed by the body.
cholesterol synthesized in the liver and is normal constitute of bile (gallstones, plaque)
deficiency less than normal amount /a lack of
dietician an individual whose training & experience are in area of nutrition and dietary requirements of the healthy and sick
digestion the process by which food is broken down mechanically and chemically the gastrointestinal tract
essential amino acids required for growth & development but cannot be produced by the body and must be obtained from food
Ensure nutritional shakes and drinks to help reach your health goals
malnutrition disease that results from inadequate consumption of food, proteins, vitamins, and iron
anabolism the building up of body tissue, the constructive phase of metabolism by which cells take from the blood nutrients required for repair and growth.
minerals an inorganic element or compound occurring in nature, esp on that is solid
nutrients any food that supplies the body with chemicals necessary for metabolism
potassium a mineral that servers as both the principle cation ( a positive electric charge) in intracelluar fluid and an important electrolyte in extracelluar fluid
protein complex nitrogen-containing compounds synthesized by all living organisms and yielding amino acids when hydrolyzed. Necessary for the growth and repair of tissue.
nutrition the ingestion & utilization of food by which growth, repair, and maitenance of activities in teh body are accomplished.
refined to purify or render free from foreign material
sodium the most abundant cation (positive electric charge)in extracellular fluids, the main contributor to osmotic pressure and hydration, participates in many specialized pumps and receptors on cell membranes.
glucose a simple sugar or monosaccharide that is the end product of carbohydrate digestion
vitamins Only A,D and K are made within the body. The rest must be conusmed in diet. Vitamin A is the precursor to carotene, vitamin D is formed by ultraviolet rays on skin; and vitamin K is formed by the symbiotic action of bacteria within the intestines
catabolism the destructive phase of metabolism-forms adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Created by: amatt
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