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ch.27
infection control review notes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Relapse | is the recurrence of symptom |
| germicide | destroy disease causing microbes. |
| antiseptics | are used to remove or control microorganisms |
| employees | must be given PPE if needed by their employee |
| OSHA | occupational safety and health administration (law that protect patients/ healthcare workers from potentially harmful substance in a medical facility) |
| Hepatitis B | is a liver inflammation |
| Hepatitis B immunization | is given in three injections and must be provided free by your employer within 10 days after you start to work. The vaccine is given intra-muscular/ second injection is given 4 weeks after the first injection and the third is given 6 months after the 1st |
| your hand can become | contaminated even if you wear gloves so you have to wash or use hand sanitizer after you remove the gloves. |
| you must follow standard precautions | with all body fluids, secretions and excretion (anything that comes out of your body) |
| vector | is a living organism that carries disease (tick) |
| Hand antisepsis | with an alcohol-based is more effective than hand washing in reducing nosocomial infection. |
| Nosocomial infection | infection acquired after you enter the hospital |
| pyemia | is pus-forming microbes in the blood. |
| parenteral | cuts, pierces or injections into the skin. |
| sterile | free of all microbes |
| the immune system | produces antibodies |
| inherited | cause by gene. |
| interferon | protective protein that is produced when cells are exposed to the virus. |
| Palliative treatment | relieves the symptoms of a disease. (substance that relieves or alleviated the symptoms of a disease without curing the disease. |
| Spores | has a hard out shell -can only be killed by heat and steam (the use of autoclave)- Bacterial cells forms spores |
| anaphylaxis | severe allergic reaction |
| urticaria | hives |
| absence of symptoms of a disease | is said to be in remission |
| Permeability | allows substances to pass across the blood vessel membrane. |
| antiseptics | are used for skin preparation before surgery (alcohol is not use for skin preparation in surgery but is use for skin preparation for injection) |
| pathogens | prefer a neutral pH. |
| Asymptomatic host | carries infectious material. |
| Microbes | require moisture to live. |
| Anaerobic | microorganisms thrive without oxygen. |
| Viral infection | cannot be cured with antibiotics because viruses are not cells but parasites within a cell. (ex: colds therefore you treat symptomatically) |
| your skin | is the first line of protection against infection. |
| Eye glasses | are not safety glasses and do not provide adequate eye protection. |
| microbes | can collect under your artificial nails. |
| hand sanitization | is effective against pathogens. |
| viral cells | take over DNA or RNA cellular material. |
| Your should never recap a | used needle. (only unused needles can be recapped.) |
| Exposure control plan | outline the method for infection control (a plan that you use after you have been exposed) |
| Hand washing | using friction and running water help remove transient bacteria |
| do not wear jewelry to work | because microbes collect in jewelry. |
| Sterilization | destroys all microorganisms. |
| all body fluid with blood | are infectious must be contained, neutralized with a bleach solution and cleaned up using your PPE. |
| You place all use needles | and anything that can cut are pierces the skin into a sharp container (non puncture container) |
| Urine | is not a potentially infectious fluid (even though all body fluids secretions and excretions are to be hazardous) |
| all infectious material | must be transported in leak proof containers |
| engineering controls | are methods and materials used to protect healthcare workers from accidental exposure. |
| PPE | includes all protective supplies |
| Sanitizing hands | can break the chain of infection |
| cell-mediated immunity | occurs at the sire of infection (attacks the source of infection at the cellular level) 9causes phagocytosis.) |
| Latent infection | is persistent with recurring cycles of symptoms |
| Inflammation mediators | increases blood flow and permeability of blood vessel walls |
| Humoral immunity | results in an antigen/antibody reaction |
| asepsis | is maintained by sanitizing and disinfecting |
| shingles | occur when a latent virus causes an infection (if you had the chicken pox then you have the shingles virus) |
| If you get something into your eye | infectious stat. flush your eyes it is the key to preventing infection. |
| Ultrasonic cleaners | (use of vibration) work without the danger of injury from sharp instruments. |
| Autoclave | used to sterilize equipment w/ heat, steam and pressure. |
| Sharps container | used to store used sharp objects that cut or stick |
| Infection control | prevent the spread of diseases |
| Order of chain of infection | Agent, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host. |
| Mode of transmission | how the infection is transferred (move around) |
| Medical Asepsis | medical cleaning technique |
| Dry Heat Sterilization | used on instruments that easily corrode |
| Disinfection | Germicide (cleaner) used of physical or chemical means to destroy pathogens or their components on inanimate surfaces or objects. |
| Barrier Protection | PPE protective clothing provides a barrier against infection |
| Hand washing | is the most important part of infection control |
| Latex sensitive | is a allergic reaction |
| Antibodies | immunoglobulin's produced by the immune system in response to bacteria, viruses |
| antigen | a foreign substance that causes the production of a specific antibody |
| Autoimmune | the body reacts against its own tissue |
| Candidiasis | infection caused by yeast (typically affects the vaginal area) |
| coagulate | forms into clots |
| contaminated | soiled with pathogens (infectious) |
| Fomites | Contaminated, nonliving objects (equipment) |
| Opportunistic infection | infection caused by a normally nonpathogenic organism is a host whose resistance has been decreased. 9such as individual with HIV) |
| Permeable | allow a substance to pass or soak through |
| Relapse | recurrence of the symptoms |
| Resident bacteria | live in or on a certain part of the body |
| Rhinitis | inflammation of the mucus membranes in the nose. |
| Acute infection | rapid onset of symptoms (last a short time) |
| Tinea | Fungal skin disease (that result in the skin scaling, itching and inflammation) |
| Transient bacteria | bacteria temporarily living in or on certain body parts such as the hands. |
| disease | any sustained, harmful alteration of the normal structure function or metabolism of a organism or cell. |
| conditions required for microbial growth | are nutrients, moisture, oxygen and neutral pH |
| The body natural protective mechanisms | intact skin, mucous membranes, tiny, hair like projections called cilia (line the respiratory tract and move in coordinated upward motion to expel trapped foreign substance: and natural pH |
| Potentially infectious fluids | Cerebrospinal fluid(CSF);mucus,synovial, pleural,pericardial,peritoneal& amniotic fluid.Vaginal&semi secretions,saliva in dental procedures,body fluid visibly contaminated w/ blood;liquid or semi liquid blood,wound drainage,unknown body fluid;human tissue |
| Protective Equipment contaminated | with body fluid of any kind must be removed & placed in a designated area (biohazard container) the hands or any other exposed area must be washed or flushed asap. Protective eyewear and or face shield must be worn whenever splashes sprays or droplets. |
| Utility gloves | may be reused if they are intact 9no crack, tears or punctures0 All PPE must be removed before leaving the medical facility. |
| CDC | Recommend new approach to potentially infectious material called Universal Precautions. (center of disease control) |
| Sanitization | is the cleaning process that reduces the number of microorganism to a safe level (remove debris such as blood/other body fluid from instruments or equipment's) |
| Humoral immunity | created specific antibodies to combat antigens. |
| Chronic | present over a long period of time (could be lifetime) |
| Latent | Disease cycle through relapse and remission. |
| Medical asepsis | is removal or destruction of pathogens |
| Surgical Asepsis | is the destruction of all microorganisms (is use when pts. skin or mucous membranes are disrupted) |
| OSHA compliance guidelines | include barrier protection devices (PPE) environment protection (labeling/disposal of all biohazard waste), housekeeping controls, Hepatitis b immunization and post exposure follow up (record keeping) |
| Legal and ethical concerns | regarding medical asepsis and infection control: medical assistant are responsible for applying infection control procedures in all situations at all times to prevent cross-contamination and the development of nosocomial infection in pts. |
| Bacterial infectious | can be treated w/ antibodies. |
| Pathogenic microorganisms | Include viruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi and rickettsiae. |
| Requirements of employer | OSHAbloodbornepathogensstandard,exposure control plan,engineeringcontrols/work practices;PPE,Exposureincidentmanagement= (documenthowtheexposureoccurred )& communicationofpotentialhazards2employees(ext: MSD book which shud b updated at lease every 3 yrs.) |
Created by:
sno413
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