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Book Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is speed? | the measure of how far something moves in a given amount of time. Measures how quickly or slowly the object changes position. |
| what is force? | Simply a push or a pull. Has both a size and direction. Can cause an object to change it's speed or direction. |
| what is gravitational force? | Earths gravity pulls everything toward Earths center. It pulls, but it does not push, so it is called an attractive force. |
| what is elastic potential energy? | When it has been stretched or compressed. Stored in a stretched spring or rubber band. |
| what is potential energy? | The energy that an object has because of the position, condition, or chemical composition of the object. |
| what is output force(load)? | the energy source of battery power |
| what is an insulator? | electrons can not flow easily through |
| what is direct current? | Charges always flow in the same ddirection |
| what is a circuit? | A complete, closed path through which electric charges can flow. Contains an energy source, an electrical conductor, and a load. |
| what is average speed? | A way to calculate the speed of an object that may not always be moving at constant speed. Describes the speed over a stretch of time. |
| what is a magnetic field? | the area surrounding a magnet where magnetic forces can be detected. A magnetic object placed anywhere in the magnetic field will be affected by the magnet. |
| what is velocity? | The speed in a specific direction.Because it includes direction, it's possible for two objects to have the speed but different____. |
| what is net force? | The combination of all the forces acting on an object. |
| what is kinetic energy? | Energy of motion. Every moving object has this type of energy. The faster an object moves, the more energy it has. |
| what is gravitational potential energy? | An object has this type of energy due to its position above the ground. |
| what is a fulcrum? | A lever is a simple machine that has a bar that pivots at a fixed point. the fixed point is... |
| what is work? | The use of force to move an object some distance in the direction of the force. You do work only when you exert a force on an object and move it. |
| what is a semiconductor? | a special class of materials that conduct electric charge better than electrical insulators but not as well as electrical conductors. |
| what is resistance? | The opposition to the flow of electric charges |
| what is a series circuit? | All parts are connected in a row that forms one path for the electric charges to follow. The current is the same for all of the loads. If one goes out, they all do. |
| what is a electromagnet? | A coil that has soft iron core and that acts as a magnet when an electric current is in the coil |
| what is acceleration? | The rate at which velocity changes. Depends on how much velocity changes, but also how much time that change takes. |
| what is inertia? | The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion unless an outside force acts on the object |
| what is chemical potential energy? | As a result of chemical bonds. Some of that energy can be released during chemical reactions. |
| what is mechanical energy? | The energy possessed by an object due to its motion and position. |
| what is input force(effort)? | The action and reaction of an object when it falls in motion. |
| what is a conductor? | A material through which charges can move freely. Copper is a good example. |
| what is alternating current(AC)? | Charges repeatedly shift from flowing in one direction to flowing in the reverse direction. |
| what is a load(circuit)? | The objects in a circuit that are being charged. |
| what is a parallel circuit? | Electric charges have more than one path that they can follow. Loads in this circuit are side by side. If one burns out, the others don't. |
| what is a permanent magnet? | A material that can be turned into a magnet. Natural materials such as iron, nickel, cobalt, or mixtures of these materials have strong magnetic properties. |
| Formula for average speed... | s=distance(d)/time(t) |
| Formula for acceleration... | a=(final velocity(m/s)-starting velocity(m/s))/ time(S) (answer is m/s squared) |
| Formula for net force... | Forces in same direction you add. Forces in opposite directions you subtract. |
| Formula for force... | When they act in the same direction, add them but subtract if in opposite directions. |
| Formula for kinetic energy... | 1/2 mass(m) X object's speed(v) (squared) |
| Formula for mechanical energy... | KE + PE |
| Formula for mechanical advantage... | ma=output force/input force |
| Formula for work... | W=force(f) X distance(d) |
| Formula for power... | P=energy(e) / time(t) |
| What is Newton's 1st law? | An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion at the same speed and direction, unless it experiences an unbalanced force. |
| What is Newton's 2nd law? | The acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the amount of force applied. Objects that have different masses will have different accelerations if the same amount of force is used. |
| What is Newton's 3rd law? | Whenever the object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first object. |
| What factors affect gravitational force? | Mass and friction |
| What happens when an object produces a net force of 0 N? | The forces are balanced. |
| What happens when the net force is not 0 N? | The forces are unbalanced. |
| In what two ways can machines change the way work is done? | Distance, size, direction |
| What information do you need to describe an object's location? | Position and reference point |
| Acceleration can be a change in speed or... | Direction |
| Describe the relationship between a moving object's mass and its kinetic energy. | The more mass= more kinetic energy |
| How is Earth like a giant magnet? | Like a magnet, earth ahs a magnetic field, a north magnetic pole, a south magnetic pole, and earth's poles attract other magnets like the needle of a compass. |
| what are three properties of a magnet? | Magnetic forces, poles, fields |
| How do you read a speed/acceleration graphs? | In these distance-time graphs, the change in the slope of a line indicates that the object has either sped up, slowed down, or stopped. As an object moves, the distance it travels increases with the time. Used to determine the average speed of an object. |
| what are the directions of motion of orbiting objects? | Something is in freefall when gravity is pulling it down and no other forces are acting on it. An object is in orbit when it travels around another object. |
| Name the types of levers. | First-Class, Second-Class, and Third-Class levers |
| what do machines do? | Help people do work by changing the way work is done. |
| Types of pulleys... | Fixed pulleys, Movable Pulleys, and Block and Tackle pulleys |
| what is electric current? | the rate at which electric charges pass a given point |
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18levinsone0903
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