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Chapter 6; grade 6
Abeka-Matter and Chemistry-Malia Nelson-Test 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chemistry | The study of what substances are made of and how one substance can be changed into another. |
| Matter | Anything that takes up space and has mass and weight. |
| Weight | A measure of the pull of gravity on an object. |
| Mass | The amount of matter that makes up an object. |
| Gram | A metric unit used to measure an object's mass. |
| Density | The amount of matter (mass) in one unit of volume (space.) |
| If two objects have the same volume but different densities, which object will weigh more? | The object with the most density. |
| Volume | Space. |
| Atom | A tiny particle form which all substances are composed; the smallest particle of an element. |
| Electron cloud | The cloud-like shield around an atom's nucleus formed by the atom's fast moving electron; prevents other atoms from moving into the same space. |
| Neutrons | A particle that helps make up the nucleus of an atom. |
| Proton | A positively charged particle that helps make up the nucleus of an atom. |
| Like charges(like two positive charges)attract, true or false? | False. |
| What do you call something that lacks an electrical charge? | Neutral. |
| Hydrogen atom | The simplest kind of atom having a single electron whirling about a single proton. |
| Helium atom | Contains two of each kind of particle. |
| Carbon atom | Six electrons move about a nucleus of six protons and six neutrons.(This atom has two shells.) |
| Shell | A group of electrons in an atom that orbit at roughly the same distance from the nucleus. |
| Oxygen atom | Has eight protons, and eight neutrons, and eight electrons. |
| Sodium | Has three electron shells. |
| Atomic number | The number of protons in an atom. |
| Every element has its own _______ __________. | Atomic number |
| Element | A substance that is composed of only one type of atom. |
| Compounds | A substance that is composed of more than one type of atom bonded together. |
| Each element is composed of a ________ ______ ___ _______. | Unique type of atom |
| Plutonium | the most abundant of the transuranium elements. |
| Osmium | A metal that is the densest elements. |
| Periodic table of elements | A chart constructed by Dmitri Mendeleev to arrange the element in such a way as to group similar elements together. |
| The blocks of color in the periodic table indicate the ______ _______ ______ ___ ______. | Three main groups of elements |
| In the periodic table, elements colored in blue are what? | Metals. |
| In the periodic table, elements colored in yellow are what? | Nonmetals. |
| In the periodic table, elements colored in pink are what? | Semimetals. |
| Name 5 important metals. | Gold,Platinum,silver,copper,iron,or aluminium. |
| Name three metal's uses. | Nickel-used to make nickel coins Lead-used to make car weights Zinc-used to make flashlight batteries |
| Metals | A large group of elements that are typically shiny, with a silvery color, and are good conductors of electricity. |
| Nonmetals | The element in the periodic table that are not classified as metals or semimetals. |
| Name 3 important nonmetals. | Sulfur,Carbon,Oxygen |
| Name three nonmetal's uses. | Oxygen-makes up the air Sulfur-important in body chemistry Carbon-makes up diamonds |
| Hydrogen | The very first element in the periodic table; a colorless and odorless gas at room temperature. |
| About ____% of the atmosphere is nitrogen, and about ____% is oxygen. | 78,21 |
| Oxygen | A colorless and odorless gas that animals and people require in order to live. |
| Nitrogen | A colorless, odorless gas that is much less prone than oxygen to react with other elements; nitrogen compounds are used in fertilizers, rocket fuel, and explosives. |
| Protein | A complex molecules found in living things that are necessary for life. |
| Carbon | A nonmetal that is a basic building block of all living organisms. |
| Sulfur | A nonmetal element that is an odorless, yellow solid at room temperature; called brimstone in the Bible. |
| Sulfuric acid | A highly corrosive chemical used in car batteries and chemical manufacturing. |
| Phosphorus | A nonmetal element that is a wax-like soled with two forms, white phosphorus and red phosphorus; compounds of phosphorus and oxygen oxygen known as phosphates are used as fertilizers and food preservatives. |
| Silicon | A gray semimetal that in pure form is used to make computer chips and is an ingredient in common sand, the mineral quartz,and glass. |
| Alkali Metals | The metals in the first (far left) column of the periodic table, such as sodium and potassium. |
| Sodium and potassium | Common in the rocks, soils, and oceans of the earth, although neither occur naturally in pure form. |
| Sodium hydroxide | An important compound of sodium also known as lye or caustic soda; formula is NaOH. |
| Alkaline earth metals | The metals in the second column of the periodic table, such as calcium and magnesium. |
| Calcium | A silver-gray element that is the most common alkaline earth metal; and ingredient in limestone, cement, teeth and bones. |
| Calcium carbonate | A calcium compound that is the chief ingredient in seashells, limestone, and concrete. |
| Magnesium | An alkaline earth metal that is strong but lightweight and is used for airplanes and some cars. |
| Halogens | Elements in the seventh column of the periodic table such as fluorine and chlorine, that show a special tendency to form compounds with alkali and alkaline earth metals. |
| Sodium chloride | A chemical name for ordinary table salt; formula is NaCI. |
| Flurine | A gaseous nonmetal and halogen with many important uses. |
| Chlorine | A gaseous nonmetal that is the most widely used halogen. |
| Bromine | A brown halogen that is liquid at ordinary room temperatures an pressures; used as an ingredient in photographic film. |
| Iodine | A nonmetal and halogen that is a purple solid at room temperature. |
| What does iodine do when heated? | It sublimes. that is, instead of melting, the crystals turn directly into gas. |
| Neon | An element and noble gas that is commonly used in "neon signs." |
| Noble gasses | The elements in the last column of the periodic table, such as helium and argon; they do not combine with anything else except under unusual circumstances. |
| Helium | A noble gas that replaced hydrogen as the gas with which to fill balloons because it is nonreactive. |
| Argon | The most plentiful of the noble gases; commonly used as a filler in incandescent light bulbs |
| Molecule | A tiny group of two or more atoms that are bonded tightly together. |
| Mixtures | Two substances mixed together, but not bonded together, like compounds are. |
| Crystal | A geometric arrangement of atoms. |
| Molecular compounds | A compound composed of individual molecules. |
| Ionic compound | A compound composed of charged atoms or groups of atoms. |
| Diamond | The hardest of all known substances. |
| In order to separate a mixture, you must find a method that affects the substances in the mixture ____________. | Differently |
| Chemical reaction | A process in which atoms of elements or compounds are rearranged to form new substances. |
| Combustion | Combustion occurs whenever a substance reacts rapidly with oxygen. |
| Robert Boyle | A pioneer of modern chemistry responsible for discovering Boyle's law. (This law explains what happens to the volume of gas when its pressure changes.) |
| Formulas | Describes the composition of a molecule. |
Created by:
nelsonclan
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