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Stars - The Sun
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Photosphere | The lowest layer of the Suns atmosphere ~ 400 Km thick. |
| Chromosphere | Layer above the photosphere ~ 2500 km thick and has a temperature of 30,000 K |
| Corona | Top layer of the Suns' atmosphere extends several million km above chromosphere and can reach temps. of 1 - 2 million K |
| Solar Wind | Gas flows from the corona of the Sun at high speeds it carries charged particles or ions through the entire solar system |
| Sunspots | Dark spots on the surface of the photosphere, actually very bright but appear darker than surrounding areas because they are cooler. |
| Solar Flares | Violent eruptions of particles and radiation from the surface of the sun often released energy as part of the solar wind. |
| Prominence | An arc of gas ejected from the chromosphere, or gas that condenses in the inner corona and rains back to the surface |
| Fusion | The combining of lightweight nuclei such as hydrogen into heavier nuclei |
| Fission | The opposite of fusion which splits heavier nuclei into lighter atomic nuclei |
| Spectrum | Visible light arranged according to wavelengths |
| Constellation | groups of stars named by ancient peoples that represent animals, mythological characters or everyday objects |
| Binary star | two stars gravitationally bound together and orbit a common center of mass |
| Parallax | The apparent shift of a stars position caused by the motion of the observer as the Earth orbits the sun |
| Apparent magnitude | How bright a star appears to be |
| Absolute magnitude | The brightness of a star if it were placed at a distance of 10 pc |
| Luminosity | The measure of the energy output from the surface of a star per second |
| Hertzsprung-Russell diagram | Shows the relationship and properties of mass,luminosity,temperature and diameter between stars |
| Main sequence | Stars on the H-R diagram that fall along the broad strip that runs from the upper left to the lower right corner of the diagram. This strip represents 90 percent of stars including the Sun |
| nebula | A cloud of interstellar gas and dust |
| protostar | The beginning of a new star formed as an interstellar dust cloud condenses and heats up at the center |
| neutron star | The resistance of neutrons being squeezed creates pressure that halts the collapse of a previous stars core |
| Supernovae | The outer portion of a neutron star is blown off from infalling rebounding gas striking the surface |
| Black hole | The dense object of a star that remains after its core collapses, compacting matter into a smaller and smaller volume. |
Created by:
mthigscience
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