Values, beliefs, assumptions, and norms that form the organization
Collegial culture
Type of organizational culture made by consensus, teamwork, and participatory decision making
Personalistic culture
Type of organizational culture made by personal decisions with no policy or procedure to follow
Formalistic culture
Type of organizational culture formed by a clear chain of command and well defined lines of authority
Organizational structure
Model that defines the relationships among members of the organization
Span of control
Number of subordinates supervised by a particular individual in an organizational setting.
Organizational chart
Graphic representing an organization's structure, usually arranged by function, service, or in a matrix format
Matrix structure
Type of chart that describes an organizational structure in terms of both function and service
Position description
Formal document that describes the qualifications, work content, accountability, and scope of job
Job specification
Written description of the requirements or qualifications a person should have to fill a particular role in an organization
Person specification
Specific delineation, based on the job specification, of the qualities, skills, and characteristics a person must have to fill a particular role
Job description
Written description of the specific responsibilities a position holder will be accountable for in an organization
Recruitment
Process of planning for human resource needs and identifying potential candidates to meet those needs
Validity
Employment criteria that predict how well a candidate will perform in a role
Reliability
Consistency of staff selection procedures
Numeric analysis
Process of determining staff member's workload by calculating and comparing the amount of time a person spends on certain tasks with the outputs that result from those tasks
Process analysis
Technique for streamlining the number and complexity of steps needed to provide a service to a customer
Supervision
Process whereby authority holders observe the work activities of an employee to improve the outcomes of the employee's work or to improve the employee's professional development
Inspection-production
Supervisory model that emphasizes the use of formal authority and managerial prerogatives to improve employee efficiency and efficacy
Clinical supervision
Process of direct observation of an employee's work, with emphasis on measurement of specific behaviors, and the subsequent development of plans to fix deficiencies in performance
Developmental supervision
Supervisory model that emphasizes collaboration between supervisors and supervisees to help them solve problems and develop professionally
Performance evaluation
Process of placing a value on the quality of an employee's work
Propriety standards
Performance evaluation standards intended to help ensure that the process is legal and fair
Utility standards
Performance evaluation standards intended to help ensure that employee appraisal is useful to workers, employers, and others who need the information
Feasibility standards
Performance evaluation standards intended to help foster practically in the employee appraisal process
Accuracy standards
Performance evaluation standards intended to improve the validity and reliability of the employee appraisal process
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