one mole of ideal gas occupies 22.4 liters at 0C and 1 atm/ 6.022x10 23rd
avogadro
the lateral pressure of fluid flowing through a constricted segment of tubing is decreased
bernoulli
gas pressure is inversely proportional to gas volume at constant temp
boyles
volume increases when temp increases if pressure is constant
charles
gas pressure increases if temperature increases and volume is constant
gay-lussac
twice as much o2 will dissolve in arterial blood if the alveolar partial pressure of o2 is doubled
henry
a principle for calculating cardiac output from o2 uptake or co2 elimination and o2 and co2 concentrations in arterial and venous blood
fick principle
tension in the wall of a blood vessel is proportional to the radius
laplace
explained how pressure tube radius tube length and fluid viscosity contribute to laminar flow
poiseuille
concentration effect
ficks
a # that reveals whether or not flow is laminar or turbulent
reynolds
what volume will 2 moles of gas occupy at standard temp (0 degree C) and 1 atm. whose law
44.8 l, avogadro
what is the partial pressure of a gas if it s concentration is 5%
38mm hg
if gas exerts a partial pressure of 15mm hg what is its concen in %
2%
the law that relates a volume of gas released into the atm from an o2 tank
boyle
which pulmonary func test uses boyle
plethysmography for determination of frc
sevoflurane is added to a flask sitting on a table, what is the conc of sevo above the liquid
22%
if the flow of o2 from an e-size tank is 5 L per minut, the tank will last
2 hr/ 660/5=132min/2hr
full e tank stats
service capacity=1900psi
volume of o2=660
2200psi evolves 660
half full 1100 psi evolves 330
with a 6 liter/min flow and a mixture of 70% n2o and 30% o2 what is the flow of n2o/min
4.2L
when the pressure gauge on a n2o tank begins to fall rapidly the
the tank no longer carries n2o liquid form
if flow is laminar and the radius of a tube is tripled the flow thru the tube will increase
81fold
when halothane is added to a flask containing 100% o2 the new concen of o2 will be
68%
the cylinder of n2o cools after it is turned on, what explains the cooling
joule-thompson effect
tension in the blood vessel wall will be lowest in
capillary
during diastole tension in the left vent wall increases, what explains this
law of laplace
when you put an endotracheal tube in an autoclave, the cuff expands, whose law
charles
when the length of an iv needle is doubled, what happens to the flow from the iv bag, what law
flow is halved, poiseuille
how much co2 is dissolved in arterial blood when paco2 is 70mm hg
.067 x 70=4.69 ml co2/100ml blood
what law explains atelectasis in the pt with ards
laplace
if map is 100mm hg, cvp is 10mm hg, and co is 4.5 l/min, the resistance to flow thru the svr in dynes cm-5sec is
1600/ svr=80x(100-10)/4.5
when flow is turbulent, the resistance to flow is dependent on what property of the fluid
density
what important changes occur when laminar flow changes to turbulent flow
resistance increases
a bourdon gauge reads 100psi, what is the pressure inside the cylinder, not 14.5 psi = 1atm.
100 psi
if flow is laminar resistance to flow thru a cylindrical tube will increase if
length of tube is increased
what are the parameters used to calculate the reynolds number
velocity, viscosity of fluid and diameter of tube
if flow is laminar, what happens to flow when the pressure gradient changes from 100 to 150mm hg
increases 1.5 times
laminar flow becomes turbulent when reynolds number exceeds
2000
nebulizers are ? tubes
venturi
as an e cylinder of o2 empties, ice crystals form near the outlet, this is explained by what law
joule-thompson
what volume will be occupied by 16 grams (1/2 mole) of o2 at 1atm and 0c
11.2 L
when n2o is turned on gas bubbles in the body expand, what law
ficks
what is partial pressure of isoflurane when the concen delevered to the pt is 1.5%
11.4 760x1.5=1140 1140/100=11.4
what cond will optimize the amount of gas dissolved in a liquid
increased partial pressure, decreased temp
if the partial pressure of a gas over a liquid doubles, the amount of gas dissolved in the liquid
doubles
which gas can liquify at room temp
n2o
the rate of diffusion of a gas across the alveolar capillary membrane is inversely proportional to the
thickness of the membrane
the factors that determine the amount of gas diffusing across the alveolar capillary membrane are described by
ficks law
n2 and n2o are diffusing thru the air. n2 will diffuse how faster than n2o, whose law
grahams law
the pressure in a cylinder of o2 decreases as it empties what law
ideal
when a full e cylinder of o2 is brought from the loading dock where the temp is 40c to the operating room where the temp is set at 21c, the pressure in the cylinder will increase or decrease, law?
decreases, gay lussacs
the partial pressure of o2 in the arterial blood increases from 100 to 600mm hg, the amount of dissolved o2 increases by how much
1.5ml o2/100ml blood
what two parameters are used to calculate resistance to flow thru a tube
pressure gradient and flow
in a venturi tube, the lateral pressure upstream from the narrowing is
greater than the narrowed region
the joule-thomson effect describes the decrease in temp when a
gas exiting a compressed cylinder expands freely
what law permits calculation of resistance to flow thru a tube
ohms
the jet ventilator operates on
venturi
a mechanism used to reduce the pressure of a gas as it rises from a compressed gas cylinder to a usable, nearly constant pressure is a
regulator
identical syringes are fitted with needles of different bores, the internal diamenters of the needles are in the ration of 1:2, the same force is applied to the plungers, the volume ejected in unit time is
16 times greater thru the large needle
the density of a gas
determines its flow thru an orifice
most of the heat loss thru the body occurs by
radiation
which principle is utilized in delivery of a gas thru a side are port
bernoulli
the partial pressure of o2 at 1atm is
159mm hg
if halothane is added to a flask sitting on a lab bench containing 100% o2, what will be the resulting pp of o2 in the gas above the halothane liquid
Beef Production
