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Human Body

Question	Answer
skeletal system	consists of bones as well as other structures that connect and protect your bones and that support other functions in the body.
function of skeletal system	movement and support
function of the skeletal system	produces blood
function of the skeletal system	stores minerals
function of the skeletal system	protects organs
major types of bone	spongy, compact, periosteum, and bone marrow
joints	where two bones meet. Some are movable and some are immovable.
muscular system	contains muscles which are important for movement, protection, stability, and maintaining body temperature
function of the muscular system	movement, protections, stability, balance
function of the muscular system	makes the heart beat causing blood to flow
function of the muscular system	maintains body temperature
voluntary muscles	muscles that are consiously controlled
involuntary muscles	muscles that cannot be consicously controlled
skin	the largest organ of the human body
integumentary system	the external coverings of the body such as: skin, hair, and nails
function of skin	covers and protects bones and muscles
function of skin	holds sensory receptors that detect temperature and pain
function of skin	produces vitamin D when exposed to the sun
function of skin	helps maintain body temperature and removes waste by sweating
digestive system	responsible for processing all food that a person eats through four steps- ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination.
mouth	Mechanical digestion of food begins here
saliva	contains an enzyme that helps break down carbohydrates
esophagus	muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach
stomach	large, hollow organ that stores food for digestion
small intestine	responsible for chemical digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and fats and moving those nutrients into the blood through small blood vessels in the villi (finger like projections in the small intestine).
large intestine	water is absorbed. Materials that pass through here are the waste products of digestion.
liver, pancreas, gall bladder	produce substances that enter the small intestine and help with chemical digestion
excretory system	collects and eliminates wastes from the body and regulates the level of fluid in the body
function of the excretory system	eliminates waste to prevent organ damage
kidney	bean-shaped organ that filters wastes from the blood. They produce urine.
ureter	Urine leaves each kidney and travels through this tube
bladder	a muscular sac that holds urine until the urine is excreted.
urethra	Urine leaves through this tube
function of the respiratory system	breathing: bringing oxygen into the body for cellular respiration and removing carbon dioxide
pharynx	tube like passageway at the top of the throat that receives air, food, and liquids from the mouth or nose.
epiglottis	at the bottom of the pharynx keeps food and liquid out of the rest of the respiratory system.
larynx	Air passes from the pharynx into this triangle-shaped area
trachea	29. From the larynx, air moves into the windpipes or _________________________, a tube that is held open by C-shaped rings of cartilage.
bronchi	30. The trachea branches into two narrower tubes called __________________________ that lead into the lungs.
lungs	are the main organs of the respiratory system. The contain bronchioles and alveoli.
alveoli	Gas exchange occurs at the surface of the
diaphragm	the principle muscle of respiration contracts and relaxes as you breathe
circulatory system	carries food, water, and oxygen, and other materials through the circulatory system to the body’s cell and tissues. Blood also carries waste materials, including carbon dioxide produced during cellular respiration.
heart	muscle that pushes blood through the circulatory system.
right atrium	Oxygen poor blood flows into the _________________________ from the body
right ventricle	blood flows from the right atrium into this chamber of the heart and out into the lungs
left atrium	oxygen rich blood from the lungs travels into this chamber
left ventricle	pumps oxygen rich blood from the left atrium into the body
immune system	has many defenses to stop pathogens (disease causing agents such as viruses and bacteria).
nonspecific defenses of the immune system	39. Skin, hair-like structures in the nose, mucus, white blood cells, stomach acid, and inflammation protect against more than one type of pathogen
antibodies	attach to an antigen/pathogen making it harmless
B cells	form and mature in the bone marrow. The secrete antibodies into the blood.
T cells	form in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus gland. They produce a protein antibody that becomes part of a cell membrane
allergy	overly sensitive immune response to common antigens.
immunity	resistance to specific pathogens
active immunity	your body encounters a pathogen and produces antibodies to combat it
passive immunity	the antibodies were produced in a mother and passed to a child or made somewhere outside of the organism
nervous system	The part of an organism that gathers, processes and responds to information
central nervous system	brain and the spinal cord
peripheral nervous system	all neurons outside of the brain and spinal cord
neurons	nerve cells
cerebrum	part of the brain that controls memory and thought
cerebellum	coordinates voluntary muscle movement and regulates balance and posture.
brain stem	controls involuntary functions
spinal cord	tube-like structure of neurons. It sends information back and forth between the brain and the rest of the body
reproductive system	a group of tissues and organs that enables the male and female reproductive cells to join and form new offspring.
testes	male reproductive organs that produce sperm the sex cells that males produce.
ovaries	the organ where the female reproductive system produces eggs,which are sex cells produced by females.
human stages of development	birth, childhood, adolescence, adulthood
pregnancy	the period of development from fertilized egg to birth.
zygote	fertilized egg
embryo	57. From the time the zygote attaches to the uterus until the end of the eight week of pregnancy
fetus	Between nine weeks and birth
infancy	first two years of a newborn’s life is called___________________________. During infancy, the brain continues to develop teeth form, and bones grow and get harder.
childhood	period after infancy, During which time the brain continues to grow,and the child grows taller.
adolescence	Males and females grow taller, and the reproductive system matures in this process
adulthood	end of adolescence through old age.

Created by: LOM Life Science

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