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VAH 101 Test 1
Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Aesthetic impulse | Human need to respond to whatever we think is beautiful. Ex.- doodling, practicing an art formed when not formally trained in it |
| Altamira, Lascaux, Chauvet | Where remains of cave paintings were found (Lascaux and Chauvet- France, Altamira, Spain) |
| Baroque | 1600-1700. Really dark against really light- dramatic high key against dramatic low key. Strong contrasts in value. Often overly dramatic and emotional |
| Chiaroscuro, shading, modeling | Artists employ values- light and dark- to record contrasts of light and shadow in the natural world, contrasts that model mass for our eyes |
| Contour | |
| What is the difference between hatching and cross-hatching? | Hatching- shading with line. Cross-hatching- shading with double lines |
| Color wheel | When the colors separated out by Newton's prism- red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet-add the transitional color red-violet, and arrange them in a circle |
| Encaustic | Painting with was |
| Horizontal lines | calm, peaceful |
| Iconography | the story of symbolism in a work of art |
| Impasto | heavy application of paint |
| Isaac Newton | In 1666, he passed a ray of sunlight through a prism and observed that the ray of sunlight broke up or refracted into different colors, which were arranged in the order of the colors of the rainbow |
| Patron | someone who buys or commissions the art |
| Perception | The way our minds interpret the info we collect with our eyes |
| Pattern | Any decorative, repetitive motif or design |
| 4 types of perspective | Linear, atmospheric, aerial, and isometric |
| Linear perspective | lines that are normally parallel appear to converge |
| Atmospheric perspective | things in the background are fuzzy and less distinct |
| Isometric perspective | parallel lines remain parallel. Exact opposite of linear perspective. Used in Eastern art |
| Picture plane | Front surface of the work of art |
| Stippling | shading with dots |
| Stylized | based on forms in the natural world, but simplified or exaggerated for design purposes (cartoons fall into this category) |
| Realism | objects in the art look very much like objects in the real world (representational art) |
| Abstract | based on forms in the natural world but distorted to some extent, often to convey the essence of form. The artist's purpose is not to render the form in naturalistic or representational manner |
| Non-objective | Art with no reference to the natural world of images. No objects. It does not represent anything. Exact opposite of realism, just a design (non-representational) |
| Rembrandt van Rijn | Dutch artist that left over 100 self portraits. Used baroque style |
| Theodore Gericault | French artist. Painted "The Raft of Medusa" with an implied line of sight and detailed iconography |
| Piet Mondrian | Dutch artist who was influenced by street grids and jazz music |
| Ray Lichtenstein | Painted oil and acrylic on canvas. Used stylized art and known for his cartoons |
| Jasper Johns | most famous, living, American artist. Used encaustic painting |
| Andy Warhol | American artist who painted pop culture icons |
| George Bellows | American artist from Columbus, Ohio. Used very deliberate lineage to show action, stylized painting, and oil on canvas for The Stag at Sharkey's |
| Han van Meegeren | Master of forgery. Painted his own compositions in the style of Vermeer. Critics didn't like his own work b/c he used realism |
| Jan Vermeer | the painter who's work van Meegeren tried to forge. He usually had a light source in his paintings |
| Franz Kline | Jewish, American artist. "Mahoning"- created feelings with just lines |
| Elizabeth Vigee-Lebrun | French artist who was the court painter to Queen Marie-Antoinette. Unlike most women at this time, she was well educated |
| Bridget Riley | British artist who did a lot of "OP" art and used curved lines to create a sense of motion in pictures |
| Raphael | Italian artist who lived during the Renaissance and used oil on wood |
| Michelangelo Merici da Caravaggio | Italian artist who was often cited as beginning the Baroque style |
| James Whistler | stylized painter who used long horizontal lines to give his paintings a calm feeling. painted Nocturn in Blue and Gold and Whistler's Mother |
| Vincent van Gogh | Dutch artist who was a master of real texture |
| Jacques Louis David | French artist who played a major part in the French ___? |
| Grandma Moses | Anna Mary Robertson, started painting when she was 80 years-old |
| Mary Cassatt | American painter who was most known for her paintings of women and children |
| John Singer Sargent | American artist who painted Madame X, which had a significant used of line to emphasize the height, length, and curves of the woman |
| What are the 6 visual elements? | Line, texture, shape/mass, value, space, and color |
| What are the 3 types of line? | Real, implied, and formed by edges |
| Real line | an actual line connecting two points |
| Implied line | What most artists use. Ex.-skyscraper |
| Lines formed by edges | Where there appears to be a line but isn’t; when two edges come together. Ex.-when you place your hands together |
| What are the 4 functions of line? | Outline, shading, pattern and texture, and movement and direction |
| Outline | to define the outside edge |
| Shading | adding value (making darker) |
| Texture and pattern | surface quality and any decorative, repetitive motif or deisng |
| Movement and direction | created by using the 4 characteristics of line |
| What are the 4 characteristics of line? | Horizontal lines- calm, peaceful. Vertical lines- powerful, dignified. Diagonal- action. Curved- motion. |
| Texture | How something feels or appears to feel |
| Real texture | literally tactile, a quality we could experience through touch |
| Implied texture | Textures are implied form lines and patterns |
| Shape | 2-dimensional area; has identifiable boundaries |
| Geometric shape | can mathematically recreate |
| Organic shape | (biomorphic) found in nature |
| Mass | 3-dimensional shape |
| Value | means light and dark |
| Actual (light) | |
| High key/ low key | high key- light value dominates. low key- dark lighting |
| Space | creation of the illusion of the 3rd dimension on a 2-dimensional surface |
| What are the 4 ways to create the illusion of space? | Shading, size and position on picture plane, overlapping, perspective |
| What are the 4 types of perspective? | Linear, atmospheric, aerial, and isometric perspective |
| Contour | the perceived edges of a 3-dimensional form such as the human body. Contour lines are used to indicate these perceived edges in 2-dimensional art |
| Folk art | art done by an untrained artist. Ex.- someone doing needlework |
| Foreshortening | the visual phenomenon whereby an elongated object projecting toward or away from a viewer appears shorter than its actual length, as though compressed. In 2-dimensional representational art, the portrayal of this effect |
| Fresco | a painting medium in which colors are applied to a plaster ground, usually a wall or a ceiling |
| Medium/media | 1. the material from which a work of art is made 2. a standard category of art such as painting or sculpture 3. a liquid compounded with pigment to make paint, also called a vehicle and often acting as a binder |
| Pointillism | a quasi-scientific painting technique of the late 19th century, developed by Georges Seurat, in which pure colors were applied in regular, small touches (points) that blended through optical color mixture when viewed at a certain distance |
| Renaissance | the period in Europe from the 14th to the 16th century, characterized by a renewed interest in Classical art, architecture, literatue, and philosophy. Began in Italy and gradually spread to the rest of Europe. In art- da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Rapheal |
| Prehistoric art | from around 30,000-15,000 BC; cave paintings |
| Self-portrait | a painting or drawing that the artist does of themselves |
| Surrealism | a movement of the early 20th century that emphasized imagery from dreams and fantasies |
| Vanishing point | in linear perspective, the point on the horizon where parallel lines appear to converge |
| "POP" art movement | 1950-1980 |
| Salvador Dali | Spanish artist who started the movement of surrealism |
| Pablo Picasso | opened up new territory for Western art to explore |
| George Seurat | French painter that used the technique of pointillism |
| Georgia O'Keefe | born in Wisconsin and was one of the early abstract artists |
| Edouard Manet | used oil on canvas to paint A Bar at the Folies-Bergere |
| What are the 3 properties of color? | Hue, value, and intensity |
| Giorgio Vasari | founded the first public Academy of Design in Florence. Painted a self-portrait with very realistic hands and wrote biographies about other artists |
| Ellsworth Kelly | used contour lines |
| Marie Laurencin | used stylized techniques for painting |
| Andrea Mantegna | used the foreshortening effect |
| Tempera egg | materials mixed with egg yolk; precursor to oil paint |
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